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All Journal IDJP (Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics) Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering (AFSSAAE)
Desy Nurliasari
Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agroindustrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Engineering Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering

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Optimization of Propolis and Vegetable Oils-based Soap Formulation to Enhance Product Quality and Antioxidant Properties Rahadatul 'Aisy; Efri Mardawati; Desy Nurliasari; Hana Nur Fitriana; Awaly Ilham Dewantoro; Desy Nurliasari
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics Vol 4, Issue 2, May - August, 2022
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/idjp.v4i2.41229

Abstract

Consumers demanded the quality of solid soap for the bath were having a solid texture, high foam stability, and fulfillment of the national quality standard in SNI 3522:2021. Soap characteristics and quality are affected by soap bases and the existence of natural additive matter with antioxidant properties such as propolis extracts. The study aims to determine an optimum formula for soap production using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Box-Behnken experimental design. The research conducted in several stages, its consist to propolis extraction, soap formulation and production, RSM analysis towards predetermined responses, model validation, and products characterization (in optimum formulation). Optimized factors consist of the content of propolis extracts, coconut oils, palm oils, and olive oils, while the response was moisture content, foam stability, and antioxidant inhibition. The results showed each response has a significant model to get an optimum formula for propolis extracts soap production. The optimum formula for soap production requires 1.545 g propolis extracts, 13.097 g coconut oils, 29.629 g palm oils, and 29.809 g olive oils with the model validation for each response were 95.5% moisture content, 96.5% foam stability, and 97.5% antioxidant inhibition. Soap characterization in the optimum formula fulfilled the quality standard requirement in SNI 3522:2021 its consists of 20.24% moisture content, 2.22% insoluble ingredients in ethanol, and 0.07% free alkali content. Keywords: Box-Behnken Design, Formula Optimization, Propolis Extracts, RSM, Solid Soap.
Carboxymethyl holocellulose as alternative carbohydrate-based binder for biomass briquette development Dewantoro, Awaly Ilham; Fauzan, Muklis; Lubis, Muhammad Adly Rahandi; Nurliasari, Desy; Mardawati, Efri
Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering (AFSSAAE) Vol 7, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering (AFSSAAE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.afssaae.2024.007.04.2

Abstract

The use of starch as a binder in biomass briquette production raises concerns regarding food security, prompting the need for alternative, non-food-based binders. This study aimed to develop carboxymethyl holocellulose (CMH) derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFBs) as a sustainable and effective binder for biomass briquettes made from coconut shells and sawdust. The OPEFBs were converted into CMH through a carboxymethylation process, yielding a product with a carboxyl content of 12.81% and a degree of substitution (DS) of 0.40, indicating effective modification. The synthesized CMH was used as a binder at various concentrations, with citric acid (CA) employed as a crosslinking agent. The total carboxyl content significantly increased with higher CA concentrations, demonstrating improved functional properties. Briquettes produced using CMH exhibited favorable proximate characteristics, such as low moisture content, high fixed carbon, and enhanced calorific value, particularly for coconut shell-based briquettes. The findings suggest that CMH can serve as an alternative to starch, providing sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions for biomass briquette production. Future studies should focus on optimizing the synthesis process and exploring CMHs’ performance in diverse biomass formulations.
Co-Authors Awaly Ilham Dewantoro Desy Nurliasari Efri Mardawati Fauzan, Muklis Hana Nur Fitriana Lubis, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Rahadatul 'Aisy