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All Journal Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management Al-battar: Jurnal Pamungkas Hukum
Amry Syahputra
Universitas Darul Ulum Islamic Centre Sudirman GUPPI
Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Other

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Legal Protection of Banking Customers in the Perspective of Law 8 of 1999 Amry Syahputra; Hono Sejati
Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management Vol. 2 No. 11 (2023): Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management
Publisher : Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59141/jrssem.v2i11.475

Abstract

The use of electronic technology has become prevalent in banking services, offering convenience to customers through internet transaction services. However, this reliance on technology has also exposed vulnerabilities, leading to violations and crimes that result in significant losses for individuals and even the state. Hacker techniques and breaches of bank financial systems have become unavoidable risks. Banks play a crucial role in the financial system, overseeing business transactions and economic activities. Individuals and businesses choose banks as their preferred institutions for depositing funds, conducting transactions, and obtaining capital. Given the importance of banks, legal protection for customers is essential. This research adopts a normative approach, utilizing both statutory and conceptual methods. Secondary data serves as the primary source, and qualitative descriptive analysis is employed. Conclusions are drawn deductively, specifically regarding the topic of Legal Protection of Banking Customers in relation to Law Number 8 of 1999. The findings emphasize the urgency of legal protection for bank customers under the Consumer Protection Law. This law ensures legal certainty for customers by obligating banks to provide correct and honest services, as well as transparent and accurate information about service conditions and guarantees. Banks should collaborate with consumer institutions or other bodies to formulate clauses that meet the needs of all parties without compromising legal certainty. Agreement on the interpretation of relevant clauses is also crucial.
Reassessing Command Responsibility for Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems under International Humanitarian Law Fery Irfantoro; Amry Syahputra; Muhammad Charles Syahreza Fahlevi; Ridho Sa’adillahh Ahmad
al-Battar: Jurnal Pamungkas Hukum Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Yayasan Cendekia Gagayunan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63142/al-battar.v2i3.455

Abstract

The rapid development of artificial intelligence–based military technology poses significant conceptual and normative challenges to the application of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), particularly with regard to the deployment of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS). The autonomous capacity of such systems to select and engage targets raises complex questions of legal accountability when violations of the laws of armed conflict or civilian harm occur. This article reassesses the doctrine of command responsibility in the context of LAWS by positioning the core principles of IHL—distinction, proportionality, precaution, and accountability—as evaluative benchmarks. Employing a normative juridical approach, this study analyzes the 1949 Geneva Conventions, Additional Protocol I of 1977, and the 1998 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, alongside relevant Indonesian national legislation, particularly Law No. 3 of 2002 on National Defense and Law No. 34 of 2004 on the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI). The findings demonstrate that although increasing technological autonomy may reduce direct human involvement in lethal decision-making, the legal obligations of military commanders cannot be disregarded. Nevertheless, algorithmic complexity, opacity in decision-making processes (the “black box” problem), and the involvement of multiple actors necessitate a reconceptualization of existing accountability frameworks, including the recognition of shared or joint responsibility. This article argues that in the absence of specific international regulations governing LAWS, a significant accountability gap risks undermining the effective enforcement of IHL in future armed conflicts. Accordingly, it calls for the strengthening of international legal frameworks to explicitly regulate LAWS, ensuring that humanitarian principles remain aligned with the realities of contemporary military operations.
Co-Authors Fery Irfantoro Hono Sejati Muhammad Charles Syahreza Fahlevi Ridho Sa’adillahh Ahmad