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Urgensi Resolusi Konflik Klaim Nine Dash Line Tingkok Di Perairan Natuna Utara Muhammad Wirtsa Firdaus; Andri Yanto; Faidatul Hikmah; Sigit Nugroho
Jurnal Ius Constituendum Vol 8, No 2 (2023): JUNE
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/jic.v8i2.6972

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to elaborate the urgency of resolving the Chinese and Indonesian Nine Dash Line conflict in North Natuna waters. As a strategic area with economic resource value and important global shipping lanes, the creation of a sense of security and legal certainty is an unavoidable necessity. The method used in the research is juridical-normative, with a review of laws and regulations, international legal norms, and international arbitration jurisprudence related to China's claims to the South China Sea and North Natuna. International jurisdiction based on UNCLOS 1982 establishes North Natuna as part of Indonesia's EEZ with sovereign rights. China's claims and direct intervention against North Natuna are illegal and violate the norms of international law. In this regard, differences in views and national interests between Indonesia and China result in a number of potential conflicts in North Natuna, including the entry of fishing boats and Chinese coastal patrols. In contrast to a number of related literature, this study specifically provides strategic considerations related to the most potential approach in conflict resolution, namely through ASEAN-China collective diplomacy with the Code of Conduct. Identification of conflict resolution strategies is a fundamental and urgent aspect in this study, with comprehensive consideration related to the causes, interests, and projects of conflict resolution that occurred in North Natuna. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengelaborasi urgensitas penyelesaian konflik Nine Dash Line Tiongkok dan Indonesia di perairan Natuna Utara. Sebagai kawasan strategis dengan nilai sumberdaya ekonomi dan jalur perlintasan pelayaran global yang penting, penciptaan rasa aman dan kepastian hukum menjadi kebutuhan yang tidak dapat dihindari. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah yuridis-normatif, dengan pengkajian terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, norma hukum internasional, serta yurisprudensi arbitrase internasional terkait dengan klaim Tiongkok atas Laut Tiongkok Selatan dan Natuna Utara. Yurisdiksi internasional berdasarkan UNCLOS 1982 menetapkan Natuna Utara sebagai bagian ZEE Indonesia dengan hak berdaulat. Klaim dan intervensi langsung Tiongkok terhadap Natuna Utara adalah bentuk tindakan ilegal dan menyalahi norma hukum internasional. Dalam hal ini, perbedaan cara pandang dan kepentingan nasional antara Indonesia dan Tiongkok menghasilkan sejumlah potensi konflik di Natuna Utara, termasuk diantaranya dengan masuknya kapal nelayan dan patroli pantai Tiongkok. Berbeda dengan sejumlah literatur terkait, penelitian ini secara spesifik memberikan pertimbangan strategis terkait pendekatan yang paling potensial dalam resolusi konflik, yakni melalui diplomasi kolektif ASEAN-Tiongkok dengan Code of Conduct. Identifikasi strategi resolusi konflik merupakan aspek yang fundamental dan urgentif dalam penelitian ini, dengan pertimbangan komprehensif terkait dengan penyebab, kepentingan, dan proyekni penyelesaian konflik yang terjadi di Natuna Utara.  
Aspek Hukum Hak Menguasai Negara DI Bidang Pertambangan Pasca Pembaruan Undang-Undang Mineral dan Batubara di Indonesia Andri Yanto; Faidatul Hikmah
Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure Vol 23, No 4 (2023): December Edition
Publisher : Law and Human Rights Policy Strategy Agency, Ministry of Law and Human Rights of The Repub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30641/dejure.2023.V23.419-432

Abstract

The concept of State Control Rights, as constitutionally attributed in Article 33 Paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution, constitutes a fundamental paradigm. The dialectics of mining policy formulation in Law No. 3 of 2020, which updated the regulation of minerals and coal, ushered in a series of transitions and consequences for the development of the concept of State Control in Indonesia, particularly concerning the substance of Article 4 Paragraph (2) of Law No. 3 of 2020, which introduced the policy of re-centralization. This research employs a juridical-normative method, utilizing a legislative approach and norm analysis pertaining to the concept of State Control Rights. The findings of this study indicate that, firstly, the formulation of state control in Law No. 3 of 2020 aligns intending to implement the concept of State Control as established by the Constitutional Court’s decision, emphasizing the permit system as a replacement for the contract system. Secondly, the centralization of authority over mineral and coal mining does not contradict the concept of State Control, as long as it can optimally generate an ideal and effective mining management system in advancing the prosperity of the people. The objective of this research is to provide a comprehensive overview of the application of State Control Rights in the revision of mining legislation, thereby offering policy insights for the development of substantive and just mining law in Indonesia.