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All Journal Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem Industri International Journal of Communication and Society
Argo Hadi Kusumo
University of Surabaya
Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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Clustering of business strategies among Indonesian manufacturing firms Esti Dwi Rinawiyanti; Argo Hadi Kusumo
International Journal of Communication and Society Vol 5, No 1: June 2023
Publisher : Association for Scientific Computing Electrical and Engineering (ASCEE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31763/ijcs.v5i1.746

Abstract

This study aims to to classify business strategies adopted by manufacturing firms. Data were acquired by sending questionnaires to Indonesian manufacturing firms in Java. Factor and cluster analysis were performed on 435 survey data. Using principal component analysis and varimax rotation, the factor analysis identified two distinct business strategies based on Porter's generic strategy: cost leadership and differentiation. Hierarchical and K-means clustering conducted sequentially enabled the identification of three clusters of business strategy: cost leadership, differentiation, and no strategy. According to the findings, the majority of Indonesian manufacturing firms utilize the differentiation strategy, followed by the cost leadership strategy. Only a small percentage of firms employ no strategy at all. The descriptive analysis of each cluster shows that the number of firms adopting the differentiation strategy is significantly higher than those pursuing the cost leadership strategy in a number of products, including food and beverage, computers, electronic, and optical products, as well as machinery and electrical equipment. For some products, such as automotive and furniture, the percentage of firms using cost leadership or differentiation strategies is comparable. Large firms dominate both clusters. Nevertheless, there are more large firms in the differentiation cluster than in the cost leadership cluster. The findings of this study enrich the body of knowledge in the domains of strategic management and manufacturing by classifying the business strategies that help firms achieve their business objectives, particularly in the context of emerging countries.
Integrating Job Safety Analysis and Risk Assessment for Occupational Safety in Task-Based Sulfur Mining Activities Esti Dwi Rinawiyanti; Argo Hadi Kusumo; Dian Retno Sari Dewi; Fellychita Cindy Irawan
Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem Industri Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem Industri
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/jrsi.v15i1.10088.93-105

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to identify occupational hazards, assess risk levels, and propose appropriate risk control measures in task-based sulfur mining activities, which are characterised by high-risk environmental and manual work conditions. Methodology: A mixed qualitative–quantitative approach was employed. Data were collected through direct observation and semi-structured interviews involving five sulfur miners and one company representative at a sulfur mining site in Banyuwangi, Indonesia. Job Safety Analysis (JSA) was used to systematically identify hazards in each work step, while risk levels were evaluated using the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) method based on likelihood and severity scales adapted from AS/NZS 4360. Risk scoring was validated through iterative discussions with the participants. Results: A total of 25 potential hazards were identified across key activities, including climbing, sulfur extraction, and material handling. Of these, 21 hazards were classified as medium risk and 4 as low risk. The main hazards include uneven terrain, steep pathways, toxic gas exposure, and manual material handling. Proposed control measures include engineering improvements (e.g., path levelling and guardrails), administrative controls (e.g., training and work procedures), and the use of personal protective equipment. Conclusion: The integration of JSA and HIRARC effectively provides a structured approach for identifying and assessing risks in dynamic mining environments. Originality: This study contributes by applying JSA–HIRARC integration in a non-controlled outdoor mining context, highlighting environmental and ergonomic risk factors that are often overlooked in previous studies.
Co-Authors Dian Retno Sari Dewi Esti Dwi Rinawiyanti Fellychita Cindy Irawan