<![CDATA[Social problems such as educational inequality, poverty, legal injustice, abuse of power, and moral decline continue to occur in society and are frequently represented in literary works. This study aims to describe the forms of social criticism contained in Andrea Hirata’s novel Orang-Orang Biasa through a sociology of literature approach. The study employed a qualitative descriptive design. The data source was the novel Orang-Orang Biasa, while the research data consisted of words, phrases, sentences, dialogues, and narrative passages containing social criticism. Data were collected through intensive reading and note-taking techniques and analyzed through identification, classification, interpretation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal five forms of social criticism, consisting of 19 data on education, 12 on economics, 7 on law, 9 on power, and 10 on morality, with a total of 57 data. The criticism is represented through characters, conflicts, dialogues, and events depicting unequal access to education, economic hardship, legal injustice, abuse of power, and moral problems. The findings demonstrate that Orang-Orang Biasa functions not only as a literary work with aesthetic value but also as a medium for reflecting and criticizing social realities. The novel therefore provides relevant material for critical literary studies and learning activities that encourage readers to understand social inequality, justice, responsibility, and humanity. ABSTRAK Persoalan sosial seperti ketimpangan pendidikan, kemiskinan, ketidakadilan hukum, penyalahgunaan kekuasaan, dan kemerosotan moral masih menjadi persoalan dalam kehidupan masyarakat dan banyak direpresentasikan dalam karya sastra. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk kritik sosial yang terdapat dalam novel Orang-Orang Biasa karya Andrea Hirata melalui pendekatan sosiologi sastra. Penelitian menggunakan desain deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian berupa novel Orang-Orang Biasa, sedangkan data penelitian berupa kata, frasa, kalimat, dialog, dan bagian narasi yang mengandung kritik sosial. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik baca dan catat secara intensif, kemudian dianalisis melalui tahap identifikasi, klasifikasi, interpretasi, dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lima bentuk kritik sosial, yaitu kritik terhadap pendidikan sebanyak 19 data, ekonomi sebanyak 12 data, hukum sebanyak 7 data, kekuasaan sebanyak 9 data, dan moral sebanyak 10 data, dengan jumlah keseluruhan 57 data. Kritik tersebut direpresentasikan melalui tokoh, konflik, dialog, dan peristiwa yang menggambarkan ketidakmerataan akses pendidikan, kesulitan ekonomi, ketidakadilan hukum, penyalahgunaan kekuasaan, dan persoalan moral. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Orang-Orang Biasa tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai karya sastra yang memiliki nilai estetis, tetapi juga sebagai media refleksi dan kritik terhadap realitas sosial. Novel tersebut relevan digunakan sebagai bahan kajian sastra kritis yang mendorong pembaca memahami persoalan ketimpangan, keadilan, tanggung jawab, dan kemanusiaan.]]>
