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Zulfikar Zulfikar
Universitas Putra Abadi Langkat

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REKONSTRUKSI PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA DALAM TINDAK PIDANA PERTANAHAN DI INDONESIA Zulfikar Zulfikar; Rizky Ayu
Lex Lectio Law Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Graha Kirana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61715/jll.v4i2.127

Abstract

The increasing number of criminal acts in the land sector, such as land grabbing, falsification of land documents, and abuse of authority by land officials, demonstrates systemic weaknesses in Indonesia’s land law and its enforcement, resulting in legal uncertainty and a sense of injustice for lawful land right holders. This study aims to analyze: first, the regulation and implementation of criminal liability for land-related offences in Indonesian positive law and their relevance to legal certainty; second, the factors that hinder the optimal enforcement of criminal liability in handling land crimes; and third, the ideal reconstruction of criminal liability that can more effectively ensure equitable legal certainty. The research employs a normative legal method with a descriptive-analytical character, using statute and case approaches to examine the Basic Agrarian Law, the Criminal Code/Law No. 1 of 2023, sectoral land regulations, and court decisions on land-related criminal cases. The findings reveal that although the normative basis for criminal liability and the instrument of legal certainty through land registration are formally available, their implementation is constrained by fragmented and insufficiently specific offence formulations, limited capacity and weak coordination between law enforcement agencies and land administration bodies, as well as a strong culture of informal dispute settlement that neglects effective restoration of victims’ rights. This article proposes a reconstruction of criminal liability that emphasizes the establishment of a specific category of land-related offences, strengthening the capacity and guidelines for law enforcement, and integrating criminal judgments with administrative measures and a digital land information system as prerequisites for realizing equitable legal certainty for land right holders in Indonesia.
ISBAT NIKAH SEBAGAI UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI ISTRI DAN ANAK SETELAH SUAMI MENINGGAL SEBELUM PENCATATAN PERKAWINAN Sri Windani; Indri Meiliawati; Zulfikar Zulfikar
Lex Lectio Law Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Graha Kirana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61715/jll.v5i1.153

Abstract

AbstractMarriages conducted in accordance with religious law but not officially registered continue to create legal issues when inheritance is opened, particularly concerning the legal recognition of the wife and children's status in exercising inheritance rights. Although Article 2 of Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage, as amended by Law Number 16 of 2019, regulates the validity and registration of marriages, it does not explicitly govern the legal implications of isbat nikah (judicial legalization of marriage) on inheritance rights following the husband's death. This study aims to analyze the legal status of the wife and children in acquiring civil rights and to examine the legal consequences of an isbat nikah determination on the fulfillment of inheritance rights. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches through the analysis of the Marriage Law, Articles 7 and 171 of the Kompilasi Hukum Islam (Compilation of Islamic Law), Constitutional Court Decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010, and Law Number 3 of 2006 concerning the Religious Courts. The findings indicate that an isbat nikah determination provides legal certainty regarding marital status as the basis for proving the civil legal relationship between the wife, children, and the deceased. However, it does not automatically confer the status of heir or entitlement to the deceased's estate. Recognition as an heir and the enforcement of inheritance rights must still be pursued through heir determination proceedings or inheritance litigation in accordance with inheritance law. This study concludes that the function of isbat nikah is limited to establishing proof of marital status, whereas the determination of inheritance rights constitutes a separate legal mechanism. Therefore, strengthening the legal framework is necessary to ensure greater legal certainty for wives and children. AbstrakPerkawinan yang dilaksanakan menurut hukum agama tetapi belum dicatatkan masih menimbulkan persoalan hukum ketika pewarisan terbuka, terutama terhadap pengakuan status hukum istri dan anak dalam memperoleh hak kewarisan. Meskipun Pasal 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 mengatur keabsahan dan pencatatan perkawinan, pengaturan mengenai implikasi penetapan isbat nikah terhadap hak kewarisan setelah suami meninggal dunia belum diatur secara tegas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kedudukan hukum istri dan anak dalam memperoleh hak keperdataan serta akibat hukum penetapan isbat nikah terhadap pemenuhan hak kewarisan. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus melalui analisis terhadap Undang-Undang Perkawinan, Pasal 7 serta Pasal 171 Kompilasi Hukum Islam, Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010, dan Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2006 tentang Peradilan Agama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penetapan isbat nikah memberikan kepastian hukum mengenai status perkawinan sebagai dasar pembuktian hubungan keperdataan antara istri, anak, dan pewaris, tetapi tidak secara otomatis menetapkan kedudukan sebagai ahli waris maupun memberikan hak atas harta peninggalan. Pengakuan status ahli waris dan pelaksanaan hak kewarisan tetap harus dilakukan melalui mekanisme penetapan ahli waris atau gugatan kewarisan sesuai ketentuan hukum kewarisan. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa fungsi isbat nikah terbatas pada pembuktian status perkawinan, sedangkan penentuan hak kewarisan merupakan mekanisme hukum yang berdiri sendiri sehingga diperlukan penguatan pengaturan untuk menjamin kepastian hukum bagi istri dan anak.