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Annisa Hafizhah
Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Criminal Liability for Electronic Document Forgery: A Case Study of PT. Toyobo Japan Sophia Lequin Theovani Purba; Thomas Poltak Sianturi; Theodora Verina Josephine Rouli Situmorang; Rosmalinda; Annisa Hafizhah
Journal of Law Perspectives Review Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Januari
Publisher : Catalist Indo Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64670/jlpr.v2i1.74

Abstract

This study aims to explain the legal regulation of electronic document forgery in Indonesia as well as the form of criminal liability in the case of electronic document forgery of PT Toyobo Japan. Forgery of electronic documents is regulated through the general provisions of the Criminal Code and special provisions in the Electronic Information and Transactions Law that provide a legal basis for the act of creating, altering, and distributing counterfeit digital documents. This study uses a normative juridical method with a legislative approach and a case approach, based on the analysis of primary and secondary legal materials. The results of the study showed that the perpetrators deliberately created fake email accounts and manipulated payment instruction documents to illegally divert funds. These acts meet the elements of intentionality, responsible ability, unauthorized access, and the creation of false electronic documents as stipulated in the Criminal Code and the ITE Law. Thus, the perpetrators can be held criminally responsible as the main perpetrator or participate based on the applicable legal provisions.
Juridical Analysis of Online Gambling Crimes Based on Decision Number 100/Pid.Sus/2024/Pn Sda Arly Andreas Lumban Toruana; Mochammad Fahmi Ulum; Berardy Shane Haposan Aritonang; Rosmalinda; Annisa Hafizhah
Journal of Law Perspectives Review Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Januari
Publisher : Catalist Indo Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64670/jlpr.v2i1.75

Abstract

The rapid advancement of digital technology has contributed to the increasing prevalence of online gambling in Indonesia, giving rise to significant social and legal challenges. This study examines the criminal liability of online gambling perpetrators based on Court Decision Number 100/Pid.Sus/2024/PN Sda and evaluates the appropriateness of the legal reasoning adopted by the court. This research employs a normative juridical method with a statutory and case approach by analyzing the Criminal Code (KUHP), the Information and Electronic Transactions Law (ITE Law), and relevant judicial decisions. The findings indicate that the judge correctly applied the constituent elements of the online gambling offense under Article 303 of the Criminal Code and Article 27 paragraph (2) in conjunction with Article 45 of the ITE Law, supported by electronic evidence and witness testimony. The decision affirms that active participants in online gambling activities may be held criminally liable under both the Criminal Code and the ITE Law. This study contributes theoretically by clarifying the construction and application of the lex specialis principle in online gambling cases and offers practical insights for law enforcement officials in assessing electronic evidence similar cases. 
Co-Authors Arly Andreas Lumban Toruana Berardy Shane Haposan Aritonang Elfian Fauzy Mochammad Fahmi Ulum Rosmalinda Sophia Lequin Theovani Purba Theodora Verina Josephine Rouli Situmorang Thomas Poltak Sianturi