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KAJIAN USAHATANI KOMODITAS PERKEBUNAN BERBASIS KAKAO DI KABUPATEN PACITAN, JAWA TIMUR Bambang Irianto; Gatot Kartono; Harwanto ;; Luki Rosmahani
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 8, No 3 (2005): November 2005
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jpptp.v8n3.2005.p%p

Abstract

Cacao is one of the most potential estate crops to be developed since it could improve farmers’ income andsignificantly contribute to the national income. Besides, it could also contribute to solve employment problem muchbetter than other estate commodities such as rubber, coconut and palm do. An assessment on cacao farming systemhas been done in Pacitan, in 2003, to see the present status and role of cacao in farmers’ income structure and in estatecrops farming system in East Java as a whole. In addition to financial and other social-economic analysis, an LQanalysis was also carried out on the production data of several important estate crops in Pacitan, 2001 and 2002. Theresults showed that cacao farming system was commonly carried out in integrated fashion with other estate crops andhorticultural commodities. Financial analysis showed that, in general, estate crops farming system were economicallyfeasible to be developed especially in integrated way, while the LQ analysis showed that coconut was the mostimportant commodity in the area implying that development of cacao should be wisely integrated with development ofcoconut. The survey on the social and economic aspects showed that cacao as well as other estate crops is the mostimportant source of income for farmers. Some improvements are still necessary to increase farmers’ income andhence welfare through technological and social engineering such as empowerment of existing farmers institutions.Key words : theobroma cacao, farm income, estate crops, East JavaKakao merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang memiliki potensi pengembangan yang cukup tinggikarena selain mampu meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan petani dan memberikan sumbangan yang cukupberarti terhadap devisa negara juga bisa menyerap tenaga kerja yang cukup tinggi dibandingkan komoditasperkebunan lainnya seperti karet, kelapa dan kelapa sawit. Pengkajian yang dilakukan di Kabupaten Pacitan tahun2003 ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui status dan peranan usahatani kakao dalam struktur pendapatan petani dandalam subsektor perkebunan secara umum di Jawa Timur. Selain analisis finansial dan sosial ekonomi lainnya,analisis LQ juga dilakukan terhadap nilai rata-rata produksi komoditas perkebunan unggulan di Pacitan tahun 2001dan 2002. Hasil pengkajian memperlihatkan bahwa usahatani kakao dilakukan secara terpadu dengan komoditasperkebunan lainnya seperti kelapa, cengkeh dan kopi serta beberapa jenis tanaman hortikultura. Analisis finansialmemperlihatkan bahwa usahatani komoditas perkebunan umumnya layak untuk dikembangkan terutama biladilakukan secara terpadu. Pendapatan petani kakao yang berasal dari kegiatan usahatani ternyata lebih tinggidibandingkan yang berasal dari usaha di luar pertanian, sedangkan analisis LQ memperlihatkan bahwa komoditaskelapa mempunyai arti yang penting bagi perekonomian daerah sehingga pengembangan kakao harus diintegrasikandengan pengembangan kelapa. Hasil survai sosial ekonomi memperlihatkan bahwa komoditas kakao dan komoditasperkebunan lainnya merupakan sumber pendapatan penting bagi petani sehingga perlu dikembangkan melaluiperbaikan teknologi dan rekayasa sosial misalnya melalui pemberdayaan kelembagaan yang ada.Kata kunci : theobroma kakao, pendapatan usahatani, perkebunan, Jawa Timur
Lalat predator Coenosia humilis Meigen (Diptera: Muscidae) pada pertanaman kentang: pola aktivitas harian, pemangsaan, dan pengaruh aplikasi insekisida Harwanto Harwanto; Dadan Hidayana; Nina Maryana; Aunu Rauf
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 1 No 1 (2004): September
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (982.422 KB) | DOI: 10.5994/jei.1.1.1

Abstract

Field and laboratory studies were conducted on potatoes in pangalengan during April until October 2001, with the objectives to determine the daily activity pattern of the predatory fly Coenosia humilis Meigen (Diptera: Muscidae), to study the behavior of predator as well as level predation, and to evaluate effects of two cultural practices on population of flies. Our research revealed. that C. humilis were more active during morning and afternoon. Predatory flies attacked  by capturing the flying preys, and then sucked preys body content. The preys were generally small insects. About 60% of the preys were found to be agromyzed files, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae). In laboratory each predator consumed 23.5 leafminer flies per day. Insecticide application significantly suppressed the predator and at the same time promoted the leafminer population. 
Faktor-Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Motivasi Petani Dalam Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair Dari Limbah Tempe Ucca Anantariya; Ugik Romadi; Harwanto Harwanto
Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol 19 No 3 (2023): Oktober, 2023
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/jsep.v19i3.27952

Abstract

Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence the motivation of farmers in making tempeh waste liquid organic fertilizer. This research was conducted in Beji Village, Junrejo District, Batu City, East Java in March-May 2023. Sampling was carried out using the purposive sampling method where from 11 farmer groups 3 farmer groups were selected to be included in the specified criteria with a total of 70 people. Data collection was conducted by interviews and using questionnaires that had been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis used was multiple linear regression with SPSS 25. The results showed that the factors that influence the motivation of farmers in making liquid organic fertilizer from tempeh waste are age, length of farming, education, profit, and complexity. Land area, cosmopolitanism, and facilities and infrastructure have no real effect on farmers' motivation.
PENGARUH EKSTRAK LIMBAH DAUN TEMBAKAU MADURA TERHADAP AKTIVITAS MAKAN LARVA Spodoptera exigua Harwanto -; Edhi Martono; Andi Trisyono; Wahyono -
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 4, No 1 (2012): March 2012
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v4i1.2262

Abstract

Ekstrak tanaman untuk insektisida nabati tidak hanya berpengaruh terhadap mortalitas saja akan tetapi juga berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas makan serangga. Tujuan pengujian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstraklimbah daun tembakau madura terhadap aktivitas makan larva instar III Spodoptera exigua. Metode uji ada dua yakni pakan pilihan dan pakan tanpa pilihan. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), dengan 6 perlakuan konsentrasi dan 1 kontrol yang diulang 5 kali. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa pemaparan ekstrak limbah daun tembakau dengan metode pakan pilihan: (1) berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot daun yang dikonsumsi pada semua konsentrasi dibandingkan dengan kontrol, (2) bersifat antifeedant terhadap larva S. exigua dengan indeks hambatan makan berkisar 17,51 – 38,12%, sedang ekstrak limbah daun tembakau pada uji pakan tanpa pilihan (3) berpengaruh nyata pada konsentrasi 0,21% terhadap bobot daun yang dikonsumsi dibandingkan dengan kontrol, dan (4) bersifat antifeedant dengan indeks hambatan makan lebih tinggi (22,87 – 69,39%) daripada dengan pakan pilihan (17,51 – 32,12%). Plants extracts used for botanical insecticides do not only influence the mortality but also the feeding activity of insects. The aim of this test was to determine the activity of the extract of Madura tobacco leaf on the feeding activity of the third instar of beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua. There were two test methods, choice and no-choice feeding tests. The design of each test was a completely randomized design (CRD), with six treatment concentrations and one control, replicated five times. The results showed that the exposure of tobacco leaf extracts with the choice feeding: (1) had significant effect on the leaf weight consumed at all concentration compared to the controls, (2) act as antifeedant against the larvae of S. exigua with the index of food consumption barrier ranging from 17.51 to 38.12%; while the extract of tobacco leaf on the no-choice feeding test: (3) had significantly effect on the weight of leaves consumed compared to the control on the concentrations of 0.21%, and (4) was antifeedant with the index of food consumption barrier higher (22.87 to 69.39%) than the choice feeding (17.51 to 38.12%).