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Harwanto
Politeknik Pembangunan Pertanian Malang
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KAJIAN USAHATANI KOMODITAS PERKEBUNAN BERBASIS KAKAO DI KABUPATEN PACITAN, JAWA TIMUR Bambang Irianto; Gatot Kartono; Harwanto ;; Luki Rosmahani
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 8, No 3 (2005): November 2005
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jpptp.v8n3.2005.p%p

Abstract

Cacao is one of the most potential estate crops to be developed since it could improve farmers’ income andsignificantly contribute to the national income. Besides, it could also contribute to solve employment problem muchbetter than other estate commodities such as rubber, coconut and palm do. An assessment on cacao farming systemhas been done in Pacitan, in 2003, to see the present status and role of cacao in farmers’ income structure and in estatecrops farming system in East Java as a whole. In addition to financial and other social-economic analysis, an LQanalysis was also carried out on the production data of several important estate crops in Pacitan, 2001 and 2002. Theresults showed that cacao farming system was commonly carried out in integrated fashion with other estate crops andhorticultural commodities. Financial analysis showed that, in general, estate crops farming system were economicallyfeasible to be developed especially in integrated way, while the LQ analysis showed that coconut was the mostimportant commodity in the area implying that development of cacao should be wisely integrated with development ofcoconut. The survey on the social and economic aspects showed that cacao as well as other estate crops is the mostimportant source of income for farmers. Some improvements are still necessary to increase farmers’ income andhence welfare through technological and social engineering such as empowerment of existing farmers institutions.Key words : theobroma cacao, farm income, estate crops, East JavaKakao merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang memiliki potensi pengembangan yang cukup tinggikarena selain mampu meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan petani dan memberikan sumbangan yang cukupberarti terhadap devisa negara juga bisa menyerap tenaga kerja yang cukup tinggi dibandingkan komoditasperkebunan lainnya seperti karet, kelapa dan kelapa sawit. Pengkajian yang dilakukan di Kabupaten Pacitan tahun2003 ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui status dan peranan usahatani kakao dalam struktur pendapatan petani dandalam subsektor perkebunan secara umum di Jawa Timur. Selain analisis finansial dan sosial ekonomi lainnya,analisis LQ juga dilakukan terhadap nilai rata-rata produksi komoditas perkebunan unggulan di Pacitan tahun 2001dan 2002. Hasil pengkajian memperlihatkan bahwa usahatani kakao dilakukan secara terpadu dengan komoditasperkebunan lainnya seperti kelapa, cengkeh dan kopi serta beberapa jenis tanaman hortikultura. Analisis finansialmemperlihatkan bahwa usahatani komoditas perkebunan umumnya layak untuk dikembangkan terutama biladilakukan secara terpadu. Pendapatan petani kakao yang berasal dari kegiatan usahatani ternyata lebih tinggidibandingkan yang berasal dari usaha di luar pertanian, sedangkan analisis LQ memperlihatkan bahwa komoditaskelapa mempunyai arti yang penting bagi perekonomian daerah sehingga pengembangan kakao harus diintegrasikandengan pengembangan kelapa. Hasil survai sosial ekonomi memperlihatkan bahwa komoditas kakao dan komoditasperkebunan lainnya merupakan sumber pendapatan penting bagi petani sehingga perlu dikembangkan melaluiperbaikan teknologi dan rekayasa sosial misalnya melalui pemberdayaan kelembagaan yang ada.Kata kunci : theobroma kakao, pendapatan usahatani, perkebunan, Jawa Timur
Lalat predator Coenosia humilis Meigen (Diptera: Muscidae) pada pertanaman kentang: pola aktivitas harian, pemangsaan, dan pengaruh aplikasi insekisida Harwanto Harwanto; Dadan Hidayana; Nina Maryana; Aunu Rauf
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 1 No 1 (2004): September
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (982.422 KB) | DOI: 10.5994/jei.1.1.1

Abstract

Field and laboratory studies were conducted on potatoes in pangalengan during April until October 2001, with the objectives to determine the daily activity pattern of the predatory fly Coenosia humilis Meigen (Diptera: Muscidae), to study the behavior of predator as well as level predation, and to evaluate effects of two cultural practices on population of flies. Our research revealed. that C. humilis were more active during morning and afternoon. Predatory flies attacked  by capturing the flying preys, and then sucked preys body content. The preys were generally small insects. About 60% of the preys were found to be agromyzed files, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae). In laboratory each predator consumed 23.5 leafminer flies per day. Insecticide application significantly suppressed the predator and at the same time promoted the leafminer population. 
Faktor-Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Motivasi Petani Dalam Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair Dari Limbah Tempe Ucca Anantariya; Ugik Romadi; Harwanto Harwanto
Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol 19 No 3 (2023): Oktober, 2023
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/jsep.v19i3.27952

Abstract

Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence the motivation of farmers in making tempeh waste liquid organic fertilizer. This research was conducted in Beji Village, Junrejo District, Batu City, East Java in March-May 2023. Sampling was carried out using the purposive sampling method where from 11 farmer groups 3 farmer groups were selected to be included in the specified criteria with a total of 70 people. Data collection was conducted by interviews and using questionnaires that had been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis used was multiple linear regression with SPSS 25. The results showed that the factors that influence the motivation of farmers in making liquid organic fertilizer from tempeh waste are age, length of farming, education, profit, and complexity. Land area, cosmopolitanism, and facilities and infrastructure have no real effect on farmers' motivation.
PENGARUH EKSTRAK LIMBAH DAUN TEMBAKAU MADURA TERHADAP AKTIVITAS MAKAN LARVA Spodoptera exigua Harwanto -; Edhi Martono; Andi Trisyono; Wahyono -
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 4, No 1 (2012): March 2012
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v4i1.2262

Abstract

Ekstrak tanaman untuk insektisida nabati tidak hanya berpengaruh terhadap mortalitas saja akan tetapi juga berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas makan serangga. Tujuan pengujian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstraklimbah daun tembakau madura terhadap aktivitas makan larva instar III Spodoptera exigua. Metode uji ada dua yakni pakan pilihan dan pakan tanpa pilihan. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), dengan 6 perlakuan konsentrasi dan 1 kontrol yang diulang 5 kali. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa pemaparan ekstrak limbah daun tembakau dengan metode pakan pilihan: (1) berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot daun yang dikonsumsi pada semua konsentrasi dibandingkan dengan kontrol, (2) bersifat antifeedant terhadap larva S. exigua dengan indeks hambatan makan berkisar 17,51 – 38,12%, sedang ekstrak limbah daun tembakau pada uji pakan tanpa pilihan (3) berpengaruh nyata pada konsentrasi 0,21% terhadap bobot daun yang dikonsumsi dibandingkan dengan kontrol, dan (4) bersifat antifeedant dengan indeks hambatan makan lebih tinggi (22,87 – 69,39%) daripada dengan pakan pilihan (17,51 – 32,12%). Plants extracts used for botanical insecticides do not only influence the mortality but also the feeding activity of insects. The aim of this test was to determine the activity of the extract of Madura tobacco leaf on the feeding activity of the third instar of beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua. There were two test methods, choice and no-choice feeding tests. The design of each test was a completely randomized design (CRD), with six treatment concentrations and one control, replicated five times. The results showed that the exposure of tobacco leaf extracts with the choice feeding: (1) had significant effect on the leaf weight consumed at all concentration compared to the controls, (2) act as antifeedant against the larvae of S. exigua with the index of food consumption barrier ranging from 17.51 to 38.12%; while the extract of tobacco leaf on the no-choice feeding test: (3) had significantly effect on the weight of leaves consumed compared to the control on the concentrations of 0.21%, and (4) was antifeedant with the index of food consumption barrier higher (22.87 to 69.39%) than the choice feeding (17.51 to 38.12%).
Plant-based elicitor improves nutrient efficiency and sustains rice yield under reduced fertilizer in a one-season field study HARWANTO HARWANTO; ENY WAHYUNING PURWANTI; JOKO GAGUNG SUNARYONO; NIKEN RANI WANDANSARI
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100179

Abstract

Abstract. Harwanto, Purwanti EW, Sunaryono JG, Wandansari NR. 2026. Plant-based elicitor improves nutrient efficiency and sustains rice yield under reduced fertilizer in a one-season field study. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100179. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100179. Excessive dependence on chemical fertilizers raises environmental concerns and reduces long-term soil fertility. A plant-based elicitor containing bioactive compounds (flavonoids, phenols, tannins) and phytohormones (IAA, cytokinins, gibberellins) such as Biosaka, has been promising elicitors to enhance nutrient efficiency and crop resilience. A field experiment was conducted in East Java, Indonesia, using a randomized block design with five treatments: 100% inorganic fertilizer (control), 100% inorganic fertilizer + Biosaka, 75% inorganic fertilizer + Biosaka, 50% inorganic fertilizer + Biosaka, and 25% inorganic fertilizer + Biosaka. Each treatment was replicated four times. Variables measured included plant growth, yield components, straw nutrient content (N, P, K), and soil chemical properties (pH, organic C, available N, P, K). The combination of 50% inorganic fertilizer + Biosaka maintained straw nitrogen comparable to full fertilizer and resulted in higher straw phosphorus content. The combination of 100% inorganic fertilizer + Biosaka produced the highest straw Kalium (0.53%) and milled rice weight (454.41 g 2 m-2). Biosaka treatments were associated with higher soil pH (6.30), organic carbon (0.99%), and available N and K compared to non-Biosaka treatments. Biosaka supplements have not compensated for the nutrient deficiency in the treatments with excessive fertilizer reduction (≤25%). It resulted in lower nutrient content and reduced milled rice weight (265.09 g 2 m-2). This study provides novel evidence that integrating Biosaka treatment with 50% inorganic fertilizer can sustain rice yield equivalently to the conventional 100% inorganic fertilizer application.
Keragaman Arthropoda pada Teknologi Bujangseta di Tanaman Jeruk Siam Lisa Navitasari; Harwanto Harwanto; Joko Gagung Sunaryono; Eny Wahyuning Purwanti
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 29 No. 4 (2024): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18343/jipi.29.4.590

Abstract

Bujangseta is a technology used throughout the year to produce citrus fruits. This technology has economically succeeded in increasing the income of citrus farmers by 23.5%. Sustainable management of bujangseta technology is neede, one of which is maintaining the sustainability of the agroecosystem. A stable agroecosystem ensures the availability of ecosystem services through nutrient cycling and the natural control of pest and disease populations. The stability of agroecosystems is coherent with the high biodiversity of arthropods. This study aims to evaluate the effect of applying the citrus plant bujangseta in Karangwidoro village and Krajan village, Dau District, Malang Regency, East Java, from June to December 2022. The two application methods were light trapping (lighttrap) and pit trap (pitfall glass), and the results were analyzed using a t-test. The diversity index, species richness index, species evenness index, and dominance index were calculated. The results showed that the detrivores of the Collembola group dominated the diversity of arthropods, the primary pest of the Diaphorina citri, and the predatory arthropods of Paederus sp. and Braconidae. Diversity and community structure of arthopods indicated there at significant differences in diversity, dominance, evenness, and species richness in those two locations. Bujangseta in the Krajan has a higher community structure compared to the Karangwidoro, showing that the ecosystem at the Krajan location is better preserved. Keywords: arthropods, bujangseta, citrus, community structure
Efektivitas Beberapa Media Perbanyakan dan Dosis Aplikasi Trichoderma SP Terhadap Pertumbuhan Selada Keriting (Lactuca Sativa) Nabila Buana Kania; Harwanto; M Saikhu
AGROMAKNA: Jurnal Pertanian dan Peternakan Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): AGROMAKNA: Jurnal Pertanian dan Peternakan
Publisher : PT ADRIANI MANDIRI PUBLISHER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of various propagation media and application doses of Trichoderma sp. on the growth of curly lettuce. The study employs a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors: propagation media as the first factor and application doses as the second factor. There are 9 treatments: (M1D1 = corn at 25g dose), (M1D2 = corn at 50g dose), (M1D3 = corn at 75g dose), (M2D1 = bran at 25g dose), (M2D2 = bran at 50g dose), (M2D3 = bran at 75g dose), (M3D1 = pellets at 25g dose), (M3D2 = pellets at 50g dose), and (M3D3 = pellets at 75g dose), each with 3 replications. Observations included plant height (cm), number of leaves (leaves), root length (cm), and wet weight (g). The results showed that the 25g dose of bran media produced the best plants in terms of plant height, number of leaves, and wet weight parameters. Meanwhile, the 50g dose of bran media produced the best plants in terms of root length.
Co-Authors Andi Trisyono Bambang Irianto Dadan Hidayana Dede Maryana Edhi Martono Gatot Kartono Joko Gagung Sunaryono Lisa Navitasari Luki Rosmahani M Saikhu Nabila Buana Kania Purwanti, Eny Wahyuning RAUF, AUNU Romadi, Ugik Ucca Anantariya Wahyono - Wandansari, Niken Rani