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All Journal Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
Firdha Muharraran
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health

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Guava Leaf Extract: A Promising Alternative to Chlorhexidine for Reducing Streptococcus mutans Colonization on Orthodontic Appliances Davin; Firdha Muharraran; Weni Selvina
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i4.1252

Abstract

Background: Streptococcus mutans is a major contributor to the formation of dental plaque and the initiation of caries. Orthodontic appliances, particularly removable ones, can create favorable conditions for S. mutans colonization, increasing the risk of caries and other oral health issues. Chlorhexidine is a commonly used antimicrobial agent in dentistry, but it can have side effects like tooth staining and altered taste. Guava leaf extract has shown promising antibacterial properties due to its rich content of flavonoids, tannins, and other bioactive compounds. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of guava leaf extract and chlorhexidine in reducing S. mutans colonization on acrylic-based removable orthodontic appliances. Methods: This in vitro study used 25 acrylic plates, which were divided into five groups: guava leaf extract at concentrations of 75%, 80%, and 90%, chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% (positive control), and aquades (negative control). The acrylic plates were first contaminated with S. mutans and then immersed in the respective solutions for 10 minutes. The number of S. mutans colonies was then counted using a colony counter. Results: The mean number of S. mutans colonies was significantly lower in the chlorhexidine group (27.8 ± 6.6 CFU/ml) and the guava leaf extract groups (9.4 ± 3.3 CFU/ml for 90%, 42 ± 7.8 CFU/ml for 80%, and 381 ± 81.1 CFU/ml for 75%) compared to the aquades group (1461.2 ± 274.5 CFU/ml). There was no significant difference between the chlorhexidine group and the 90% and 80% guava leaf extract groups. Conclusion: Guava leaf extract, particularly at concentrations of 90% and 80%, is as effective as chlorhexidine in reducing S. mutans colonization on orthodontic appliances. Guava leaf extract may be a promising natural alternative to chlorhexidine for maintaining oral hygiene in orthodontic patients, especially those with concerns about chlorhexidine's side effects.
E-Cigarettes and Gingival Pigmentation: A Public Health Concern Among Adolescents Ermi Girsang; Firdha Muharraran; Irfan Aulia
Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/amcr.v6i2.691

Abstract

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has rapidly increased among adolescents, raising concerns about its impact on oral health. This study investigated the association between e-cigarette and gingival pigmentation among adolescents in a community setting. A cross-sectional study was conducted in November 2024 among members of the Vapers City of Medan community. Data were collected through a Google Form questionnaire and photographic documentation of participants' gingiva. The questionnaire assessed e-cigarette use patterns, including frequency and duration, and any concurrent use of conventional cigarettes. Gingival pigmentation was assessed through photographs, noting the presence and extent of pigmentation. Data were analyzed using SPSS, employing Chi-Square, correlation, and multivariable tests to determine the association between e-cigarettes and gingival pigmentation. E-cigarette use was significantly associated with gingival pigmentation (p=0.026). Adolescents who used e-cigarettes had a higher prevalence of gingival pigmentation compared to those who did not. Correlation analysis revealed a moderate positive correlation between e-cigarette use and gingival pigmentation severity (r=0.54, p=0.01). Duration and frequency of e-cigarette use were also weakly positively correlated with gingival pigmentation severity. Multivariable analysis confirmed that e-cigarette use (OR=4.5, 95% CI=1.2-16.8, p=0.024), duration of use (OR=2.1, 95% CI=1.1-4.0, p=0.028), and frequency of use (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.0-3.2, p=0.046) were independently associated with gingival pigmentation. In conclusion, e-cigarette use is significantly associated with gingival pigmentation in adolescents. This finding underscores the potential adverse effects of e-cigarettes on oral health, highlighting a growing public health concern.
Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni) Leaf Extract Exhibits Strong Antibacterial Activity Against Enterococcus faecalis: A Promising Natural Alternative to Chlorhexidine for Root Canal Infections Firdha Muharraran; Mangatas H P Hutagalung; Ariska Putri Siregar
Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijmr.v5i3.709

Abstract

Enterococcus faecalis is a prevalent bacterium in root canal infections, exhibiting high resistance to conventional antibacterial agents. Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni) leaf extract, rich in flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, has demonstrated promising antibacterial properties. This study investigated the antibacterial efficacy of mahogany leaf extract against E. faecalis and compared its effectiveness to chlorhexidine, a commonly used root canal irrigant. A laboratory experimental study was conducted using the disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA). Mahogany leaf extract was prepared at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 70%. Chlorhexidine (0.2%) served as the positive control, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the negative control. The diameter of inhibition zones was measured after 24 hours of incubation. Statistical analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc LSD tests. All concentrations of mahogany leaf extract exhibited significant antibacterial activity against E. faecalis (p < 0.05). The 70% concentration produced the largest inhibition zone (20.39 ± 1.38 mm), followed by 50% (18.67 ± 1.12 mm) and 25% (17.28 ± 0.60 mm). The inhibition zones of the 50% and 70% mahogany leaf extract were comparable to those of chlorhexidine (19.40 ± 0.70 mm). In conclusion, mahogany leaf extract demonstrates strong antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, suggesting its potential as a natural alternative to chlorhexidine for root canal infections. Further research is warranted to explore its clinical application in endodontic treatment.
Guava Leaf Extract: A Promising Alternative to Chlorhexidine for Reducing Streptococcus mutans Colonization on Orthodontic Appliances Davin; Firdha Muharraran; Weni Selvina
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i4.1252

Abstract

Background: Streptococcus mutans is a major contributor to the formation of dental plaque and the initiation of caries. Orthodontic appliances, particularly removable ones, can create favorable conditions for S. mutans colonization, increasing the risk of caries and other oral health issues. Chlorhexidine is a commonly used antimicrobial agent in dentistry, but it can have side effects like tooth staining and altered taste. Guava leaf extract has shown promising antibacterial properties due to its rich content of flavonoids, tannins, and other bioactive compounds. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of guava leaf extract and chlorhexidine in reducing S. mutans colonization on acrylic-based removable orthodontic appliances. Methods: This in vitro study used 25 acrylic plates, which were divided into five groups: guava leaf extract at concentrations of 75%, 80%, and 90%, chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% (positive control), and aquades (negative control). The acrylic plates were first contaminated with S. mutans and then immersed in the respective solutions for 10 minutes. The number of S. mutans colonies was then counted using a colony counter. Results: The mean number of S. mutans colonies was significantly lower in the chlorhexidine group (27.8 ± 6.6 CFU/ml) and the guava leaf extract groups (9.4 ± 3.3 CFU/ml for 90%, 42 ± 7.8 CFU/ml for 80%, and 381 ± 81.1 CFU/ml for 75%) compared to the aquades group (1461.2 ± 274.5 CFU/ml). There was no significant difference between the chlorhexidine group and the 90% and 80% guava leaf extract groups. Conclusion: Guava leaf extract, particularly at concentrations of 90% and 80%, is as effective as chlorhexidine in reducing S. mutans colonization on orthodontic appliances. Guava leaf extract may be a promising natural alternative to chlorhexidine for maintaining oral hygiene in orthodontic patients, especially those with concerns about chlorhexidine's side effects.
Co-Authors Ariska Putri Siregar Davin Ermi Girsang Irfan Aulia Mangatas H P Hutagalung Weni Selvina