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All Journal TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Ahmad Adel Abu-Shareha
Al-Ahliyya Amman University
Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Enhancing spam detection using Harris Hawks optimization algorithm Mosleh M. Abualhaj; Sumaya Nabil Alkhatib; Ahmad Adel Abu-Shareha; Adeeb M. Alsaaidah; Mohammed Anbar
TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) Vol 23, No 2: April 2025
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/telkomnika.v23i2.26615

Abstract

This paper employs machine learning (ML) algorithms to identify and classify spam emails. The Harris Hawks optimization (HHO) algorithm can detect the crucial features that distinguish spam from ham emails. The HHO algorithm decreased the number of features in the ISCX-URL2016 spam dataset from 72 to 10. Implementing this will enhance the efficiency and cognitive acquisition of the ML algorithms. The decision tree (DT), Naive Bayes (NB), and AdaBoost algorithms are evaluated and contrasted to identify spam emails. The random search algorithm is used to optimize the significant hyperparameters of each algorithm for the specific task of spam identification. All three ML algorithms showed exceptional accuracy in detecting spam emails during the conducted testing. The DT algorithm attained a remarkable accuracy rate of 99.75%. The AdaBoost algorithm ranks second with an incredible accuracy of 99.67%. Finally, the NB algorithm attained an accuracy of 96.30%. The results demonstrate that the HHO algorithm shows promise in recognizing the crucial features of spam emails.
Tel-MPLS: a new method for maximizing the utilization of IP telephony over MPLS networks Mosleh M. Abualhaj; Mahran M. Al-Zyoud; Ahmad Adel Abu-Shareha; Mohammad O. Hiari; Qusai Y. Shambour
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 12, No 6: December 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v12i6.6117

Abstract

Currently, the multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) standard is extremely prevalent. By exploiting the features provided by MPLS technology, a range of services, including IP telephony, have enhanced their overall performance. However, due to the size of the packet header, the IP telephony service consumes a significant portion of the MPLS network's available bandwidth. For instance, in IP telephony over MPLS networks, the packet header might account for as much as 80% of lost time and bandwidth. Designers working on IP telephony are making substantial efforts to address this issue. This study contributes to current efforts by proposing a novel approach called Tel-MPLS, which involves IP telephony over MPLS. TelMPLS approach uses the superfluous fields in the IP telephony packet's header to retain the packet data, therefore lowering or zeroing the IP telephony packet's payload. Tel-MPLS is an approach that significantly reduces the bandwidth of IP telephony MPLS networks. According to the findings, the Tel-MPLS approach is capable of reducing the amount of bandwidth that is lost by 12% when using the G.729 codec.
Co-Authors Adeeb M. Alsaaidah Mahran M. Al-Zyoud Mohammad O. Hiari Mohammed Anbar Mosleh M. Abualhaj Qusai Y. Shambour Sumaya Nabil Alkhatib