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All Journal Religi: Jurnal Studi Agama-agama Az Zarqa': Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Islam
Khairul Imam
UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta
Religion Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Pembudayaan Agilitas Bisnis Pengusaha Muslim, Hindu dan Konghuchu Lukman R Fauroni; Khairul Imam; Erham Budi Wiranto
Religi: Jurnal Studi Agama-agama Vol. 19 No. 1 (2023): Edisi Jurnal Vol. 19 No.1 Tahun 2023
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/rejusta.v19i1.4587

Abstract

Abstrak Agama-Agama, karena dimensi transendentalnya yang kuat, sering dianggap kurang mendukung aktivitas duniawi, termasuk bisnis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi teologi ekonomi dan agilitas pengusaha yang justru bersumber dari ajaran-ajaran keagamaan. Studi dilakukan terhadap umat Muslim di Kotagede Yogyakarta, Hindu di Denpasar, dan dan Konghucu di Lasem. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan observasi kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa para pelaku ekonomi dan pengusaha dari ketiga agama yaitu Islam, Hindu dan Konghucu, menggunakan keyakinan teologis sebagai pembentuk dan penggerak motif berekonomi termasuk dalam mempengaruhi semangat dalam berusaha. Agilitas bisnis pengusaha Muslim ditandai dengan karakteristik modal sosial berpola bounding yaitu ikatan-ikatan yang dibentuk dari tradisi sosial keagamaan muslim seperti kumpulan, menjenguk orang sakit, ta’ziyah, dan pergaulan di tempat usaha (pasar). Sedangkan agilitas bisnis Hindu dibangun dari ajaran Dharma, Catur Purusa Artha, dan Panca Sradha. Adapun agilitas bisnis pengusaha Konghucu ditopang oleh karakter worldview ajaran Konfusius yang sangat menekankan pentingnya menjaga hubungan horizontal antara sesama manusia. Agilitas bisnis para pengusaha Muslim, Hindu dan Konghucu didorong oleh teologi ekonomi yang mereka hayati. Kata kunci: teologi ekonomi, agilitas bisnis, Muslim, Hindu, Konghucu Abstract Religions are frequently viewed as being opposed to worldly pursuits, such as business, because of their essential transcendental character. This study aims to explore economic theology and business agility, which are actually manifestations of religious doctrine. Muslims in Kotagede, Yogyakarta, Hindus in Denpasar, and Confucians in Lasem were the subjects of the study. Data were gathered through observations and interviews; then qualitative analysis was performed. According to this study, economic actors and entrepreneurs from the three major religions use their theological convictions to influence their economic motivations, especially their level of entrepreneurship. The features of social capital with a bounding pattern, namely bonds invented from Muslim socio-religious traditions such as meetings, visiting sick people, ta'ziyah, and association at the site of business (market), characterize the business agility of Muslim entrepreneurs. As compared to this, Hindu business agility is based on the Dharma, Catur Purusa Artha, and Panca Sradha teachings. The worldview of Confucius' teachings, which place significant emphasis on the value of sustaining relationships between human beings, supports the entrepreneurial agility of Confucian entrepreneurs. The economic theology of Muslim, Hindu, and Confucian entrepreneurs drives their economic agility. Keyword: economic theology, business agility, Muslim, Hindu, Confucianism
Syariah Card Mechanism in The Capitalism Infrastructure Ulinnuha Saifullah; Khairul Imam; Setiyawan Gunardi
Az-Zarqa': Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Islam Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): Az-Zarqa'
Publisher : Sharia and Law Faculty of Sunan Kalijaga Islamic State University Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/az-zarqa.v18.i1.4922

Abstract

Normative reconstruction of credit card mechanisms under sharia principles raises a central question about whether contractual compliance also changes economic substance. Focusing on Syariah Card (a sharia-based credit card arrangement), this article examines Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia (National Sharia Board legal opinion) No. 54/DSN-MUI/X/2006, Bank Indonesia payment-system regulations, fee structures, and relevant Islamic finance literature through normative-comparative legal analysis. The analysis shows that Syariah Card differs normatively from conventional credit cards through kafālah, qarḍ, ijārah, ujrah, taʿwīḍ, taʿzīr, the prohibition of ribā, restrictions on non-Islamic transactions, and the prevention of isrāf. These differences are legally significant and should not be reduced to mere terminology. However, Syariah Card remains embedded in modern payment capitalist infrastructure involving issuers, merchants, acquirers, billing cycles, settlement, merchant fee, and transaction-based income. Merchant fee or MDR becomes the critical point because it links issuer income to transaction volume without being identical to interest. Therefore, maqāṣid al-sharīʿah must evaluate not only contractual validity, but also fee transparency, consumer protection, prevention of excessive consumption, and ḥifẓ al-māl.   Rekonstruksi syariah atas mekanisme kartu kredit menimbulkan pertanyaan penting mengenai apakah kepatuhan akad juga mengubah substansi ekonominya. Artikel ini mengkaji Syariah Card melalui Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 54/DSN-MUI/X/2006, regulasi sistem pembayaran Bank Indonesia, struktur biaya, dan literatur keuangan syariah dengan pendekatan hukum normatif-komparatif antara Syariah Card dengan kartu kredit konvensional. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Syariah Card memiliki perbedaan normatif dari kartu kredit konvensional melalui akad kafālah, qarḍ, ijārah, ujrah, taʿwīḍ, taʿzīr, larangan ribā, larangan transaksi non-syariah, serta pencegahan isrāf. Perbedaan ini memiliki arti hukum yang nyata dan tidak dapat direduksi sebagai penggantian istilah semata. Namun, Syariah Card tetap bekerja dalam infrastruktur kapitalisme dengan mekanisme pembayaran modern yang melibatkan penerbit, pedagang, acquirer, siklus tagihan, settlement, merchant fee, dan pendapatan berbasis transaksi. Merchant fee atau MDR menjadi titik kritis karena menghubungkan pendapatan penerbit dengan volume transaksi, meskipun tidak identik dengan bunga. Karena itu, maqāṣid asy-syarīʿah perlu digunakan untuk menilai transparansi biaya, perlindungan konsumen, pencegahan konsumsi berlebihan, dan ḥifẓ al-māl (penjagaan terhadap harta).
Co-Authors Erham Budi Wiranto Raden Lukman Fauroni Setiyawan Gunardi Ulinnuha Saifullah