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All Journal Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan
Nur Asma
Program Studi Farmasi, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin, Makassar, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Korelasi Kadar Fenol dan Flavonoid terhadap Indeks Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Batang Vernonia amygdalina: Correlation of Phenol and Flavonoid Content with Antioxidant Activity Index of Vernonia amygdalina Stem Extracts Mardhatillah Awwaliah; Mukhriani Mukhriani; Nur Asma; Muhammad Ikhlas Arsul
Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Vol. 5 No. 5 (2023): J. Sains Kes.
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jsk.v5i5.1959

Abstract

Bitter leaf (in Africa) is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Vernonia which is the most prominent in the family Asteraceae that has been studied in Africa. African leaves have been widely used for traditional medicine and/or treating various human diseases. This study aimed to determine the bioactive compounds that correlate to the antioxidant activity of V. amygdalina stem. Extraction of V. amygdalina stem was carried out by reflux method. Determination of total phenol and flavonoid content was done spectroscopically. Antioxidant activity was measured based on antioxidant activity index (AAI) using DPPH and CUPRAC methods. Correlation coefficient between bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity using Pearson's correlation method. The results showed the antioxidant activity index of V. amygdalina stem showed strong to very strong activity. The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest total phenol and flavonoid levels. The phenol and flavonoid content of V. amygdalina stem extract showed a strong and significant correlation to the antioxidant activity index with a positive r value Kata Kunci:         AAI, DPPH, CUPRAC, pearson’s correlation   Abstrak Daun afrika merupakan spesies yang paling banyak dibudidayakan dari genus Vernonia yang paling menonjol dalam famili Asteraceae yang telah dipelajari di Afrika. Daun afrika telah banyak digunakan untuk pengobatan tradisional dan/atau mengobati berbagai penyakit pada manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui senyawa bioaktif yang berkorelasi terhadap aktivitas antioksidan dari batang V. amygdalina. Ekstraksi batang V. amygdalina dilakukan dengan metode refluks. Penentuan kadar  fenol dan flavonoid total dilakukan secara spektroskopi. Aktivitas antioksidan diukur berdasarkan indeks aktivitas antioksidan (AAI) dengan metode DPPH dan CUPRAC. Koefisien korelasi antara senyawa bioaktif dan aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode korelasi pearson’s. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan indeks aktivitas antioksidan batang V. amygdalina menunjukkan aktivitas yang kuat hingga sangat kuat. Kadar fenol dan flavonoid total tertinggi ditunjukkan pada ekstrak etil asetat. Kadar fenol dan flavonoid ekstrak batang V. amygdalina menunjukkan korelasi kuat dan signifikan terhadap indeks aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai r positif. Kata Kunci:         AAI, DPPH, CUPRAC, korelasi pearson’s
Enhancing capsaicin solubility in lidocaine-based therapeutic deep eutectic solvents (THEDES): a COSMO-RS predictive study: . Nur Asma; Ratna Surya Alwi; Delly Ramadon; Abdul Mun'im
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): JIFI
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35814/jifi.v23i2.1665

Abstract

Capsaicin, a potent analgesic, suffers from poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability. Therapeutic deep eutectic solvents (THEDES) have emerged as a promising platform to enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. This study employed the conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) for the in-silico screening of capsaicin solubility in 34 lidocaine-based THEDES, comprising 10 hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) and 26 hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) at 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios. The σ-profiles and σ-potentials of the components were analysed to understand the intermolecular interactions governing solubility. Our predictions revealed a remarkable solubility range from below 1 g/L to over 437 g/L. The betaine-lidocaine (1:1) system was identified as the optimal solvent, achieving a capsaicin solubility of 437.47 g/L at 333.15 K, attributed to betaine's zwitterionic nature facilitating multifaceted hydrogen-bonding. Small polyols like ethylene glycol also performed excellently. A consistent enhancement in solubility was observed in HBD-rich (1:2) compositions and with increasing temperature. Molecular interaction analysis confirmed a robust network of conventional and non-conventional hydrogen bonds within the optimal betaine-lidocaine-capsaicin system. This work demonstrates the power of COSMO-RS as a rational design tool for formulating high-loading THEDES-based drug delivery systems, with betaine-lidocaine emerging as a top candidate for advanced capsaicin topical formulations.
Co-Authors Abdul Mun'im Delly Ramadon Mardhatillah Awwaliah Muh Ikhlas Arsul Mukhriani, Mukhriani Ratna Surya Alwi