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Fuad Muhammad
Graduate Program of Environmental Science, School of Postgraduate Studies, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang
Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science

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Improper solid waste management at the Duala market, Monrovia-Liberia Gabriel Zean; Fuad Muhammad; Budi Warsito
Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 3 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : BIORE Scientia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbes.2023.19751

Abstract

The population of Monrovia is increasing accompanied by rapid urbanization. Due to rapid urbanization, economic development, higher living standards, and changes in consumption patterns and lifestyle, the generation rate of waste has increased. Mismanagement of solid waste tends to hinder any progress toward environmental sustainability. This study endeavored to determine Improper Solid Waste Management at the Duala Market, Monrovia-Liberia examines the connection between population growth, economic development, and the rise in waste production. The study evaluated behavioral factors on a qualitative and quantitative level, including knowledge, attitude, and practices of solid waste management, stakeholder collaboration, and obstacles to sustainable waste management in Monrovia. To display the various socioeconomic groups in the city, households were chosen at random (simple and stratified). The key findings revealed socio-demographic (70%) Waste generated are inadequately disposed of by female, as a result of the large fragment of waste that is still not collected, waste is dumped and burned in the open. followed by intervention to reduce improper waste management accounts (40%) which need public awareness and factors leading to improper waste management accounts (30%), not cognizant of the waste management area. These waste management challenges have become heightened because of insufficient technology to ensure proper management and low budgetary allocations for effective waste management.
Comparison of salinity tolerance between Avicenna marina and Rhizophora mucronata Karachi coast, Pakistan Maria Ashraf; Fuad Muhammad; Jafron Wasiq Hidayat; Muhammad Yaseen; Muhammad Ayyaz; Waqar Ahmed; Muhammad Sohail Anwar; Kamil Ahmed
Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 3 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : BIORE Scientia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbes.2023.19306

Abstract

Mangrove propagule size variation is an important factor in their survival. The main aim of this study was to determine the productivity and identify the comparison between Avicenna marina and Rhizophora mucronata. However, it is less studied about the comparison of mangrove species and their salt tolerance in terms of seedling establishment of propagules. We investigated the propagules size variation of Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata from the Indus delta and were grown in the polythene bags of 5x10″ filled with silty soil from field nursery. We used salinity and nutrients treatments to propagules to identify the growth rate of mangrove species. The surveying technique was also used to collect the information of mangrove forest from local communities. We detected that Rhizophora mucronata had a higher productivity rate due to the given concentration of 50% sea water. While the Avicennia marina showed a lower decline ratios growth at 25% salinity level with further increases in salinity. Using diffusion porometers and infrared gas analyzers (IRGAs), we revealed that stomatal conductance was higher in Rhizophora mucronata, followed by Avicennia marina. Moreover, our outcomes showed a higher Sodium and chloride ions with the increase in salinity and also demonstrated a higher accumulation in Avicennia marina. Overall, its was found that Avicennia marina is the most salt resistant species and it’s a dominated species in littoral forest. Our outcomes can help us to better understand the green infrastructure design of mangroves, suggesting that selecting multiple techniques ensure many post-tsunami restoration initiatives are encountering problems.
Salinity tolerance of Aegiceras corniculatum and Ceriops tagal in the coastal area of Karachi, Pakistan Muhammad Ayyaz; Jafron Wasiq; Fuad Muhammad; Waqar Ahmed; Muhammad Yaseen; Maria Ashraf; Muhammad Abdul Rahman
Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 3 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : BIORE Scientia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbes.2023.19550

Abstract

Indus delta with its coastal zones is the most significant coastal environment in Pakistan for mangroves and associated ecosystems. Mangrove forests are important components for maintenance of ecosystems in severe environments. The purpose of the study is to assess the mangrove species' tolerance to salinity. Aegiceras corniculatum and Ceriops tagal (C. tagal) propagules were grown in pots with sandy soil and subirrigated with 25, and 50% nitrogen-fortified saltwater for this research. The propagules were procured from the Indus delta. We raised seedlings for six months as an experiment. Aegiceras corniculatum species behaved moderately in the greenhouse, whereas Ceriops tagal's growth maximum at a salinity of 50% seawater and declined as the salinity increased. Furthermore, Ceriops tagal a non-secretor, accumulated more sodium and chloride ions while severely restricting the availability of other ions. This species might therefore be used to repair intertidal ecosystems, which frequently get freshwater. During a six-month the experimental cultivation period, and measurements were taken of the seedlings' length, weight at planting, and number of leaves. Maximum growth was observed in 50% seawater, and as the salinity increased, it became worse. Three times a week, fresh water was provided to wash away the excess salt. It has been discovered that medium and large-sized propagules function better in a greenhouse environment than small-sized ones. In order for plant seeds to successfully reproduce, the environmental conditions in which they disseminate and settle must be suitable for them. For establishment and dissemination inside the greenhouse environment, the propagules of viviparous mangrove species appear optimal.
Co-Authors Budi Warsito Gabriel Zean Jafron Wasiq Jafron Wasiq Hidayat Kamil Ahmed Maria Ashraf Muhammad Abdul Rahman Muhammad Ayyaz Muhammad Sohail Anwar Muhammad Yaseen Muhammad Yaseen Waqar Ahmed