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All Journal Klinikal Sains (Jurnal Analis Kesehatan) Media Farmasi Indonesia Antigen: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Ilmu Gizi
Elisa Rinihapsari
Politeknik Katolik Mangunwijaya
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Other

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Comparison of the Antibacterial Activity of Orange Peel Eco-Enzyme against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Elisa Rinihapsari; Materius Kristiyanto; Zalsa Billa Lutia Tambora
Media Farmasi Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026): Media Farmasi Indonesia
Publisher : SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU FARMASI YAYASAN PHARMASI SEMARANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53359/mfi.v21i1.359

Abstract

Orange peel contains various bioactive compounds known to possess antibacterial and antioxidant activities, making it a potential raw material for eco-enzyme production. This study aimed to determine the concentration of orange peel eco-enzyme that exhibits the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, as well as to compare the antibacterial activity of orange peel eco-enzyme against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Another objective was to evaluate differences in antibacterial activity at different incubation times. This study employed an experimental design, involving antibacterial activity testing of orange peel eco-enzyme using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. The independent variable was the concentration of orange peel eco-enzyme at 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%. Other independent variables included bacterial species and incubation times of 18 and 24 hours. The overall statistical analysis showed that the eco-enzyme exhibited significant antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with the optimal concentration being 90%. The Mann–Whitney test indicated no significant difference in antibacterial activity between Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (p > 0.05). Comparison between incubation periods of 18 and 24 hours also revealed no significant difference in antibacterial activity (p > 0.05), indicating that the orange peel eco-enzyme has good stability of antibacterial activity against both test bacteria.
Pengaruh Pemanasan Berulang Media Nutrient Agar Terhadap Hasil Uji Sensitivitas Elisa Rinihapsari; Benaya Yamin Onesiforus; Samuel Marchel Nugroho
Antigen : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Ilmu Gizi Vol. 1 No. 4 (2023): November : Antigen: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Ilmu Gizi
Publisher : LPPM STIKES KESETIAKAWANAN SOSIAL INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57213/antigen.v1i3.191

Abstract

Nutrient agar media is a universal medium that can be used in bacterial sensitivity tests. Sensitivity testing is used to test the sensitivity of bacteria to a type of antibiotic. This test is instrumental in determining appropriate therapy for patients who experience recurrent or persistent infectious diseases. Nutrient Agar media is usually made in large quantities for time and energy efficiency. The media is used as needed, and the rest is stored 2-8oC in the refrigerator before being used again. This research aims to determine the effect of repeated heating of Nutrient Agar media on the sensitivity test results for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Tests were carried out on the first, second, third and fourth heating times. The results of statistical tests with Kruskal Wallis showed a sig value of <0.05, meaning there was a difference in sensitivity test results between media heated once, twice, three times, or four times for the two types of bacteria tested.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP HASIL UJI SENSITIVITAS Elisa Rinihapsari; Benaya Yamin Onesiforus; Sendhy Pravitadewi Ayusari; May Wulan Ayu Andani; Naomy Cahya Marinda; Anastasia Desi Risma
Klinikal Sains : Jurnal Analis Kesehatan Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025): Juni
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Abdurrab

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36341/klinikalsains.v13i1.5989

Abstract

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST) is a fundamental element in the management of bacterial infections and in determining effective antimicrobial therapy for patients. AST methods continue to evolve; however, not all hospitals are equipped with automated testing facilities. Hence, conventional manual AST remains the primary option. This study explored the factors that may influence the results of AST by introducing variations to the reference standard procedures outlined in the CLSI guidelines. AST was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The independent variables in this study were the type of media, media thickness, incubation temperature, and incubation time. The dependent variable was the diameter of the inhibition zone around the antibiotic discs. The inhibition zone diameters were compared to the CLSI references. Statistical analysis was performed to determine whether there were significant differences in sensitivity test results across the variations for each tested variable. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that variations in the type of media (MHA, NA, and PCA), media thickness (2, 4, and 6 mm), incubation temperature (25, 35, and 45°C), and incubation time (18, 24, and 48 hours) affect the results of the AST. With these findings, it is recommended that Medical Laboratory Technology personnel continue to follow the standard procedures according to CLSI guidelines to ensure that the results and their interpretations are accountable.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKOENZIM KULIT NANAS DENGAN VARIASI WAKTU INKUBASI Elisa Rinihapsari; Materius Kristiyanto; Nastabitha Rizindra
Klinikal Sains : Jurnal Analis Kesehatan Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): Desember
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Abdurrab

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36341/klinikal_sains.v13i2.6952

Abstract

The search for environmentally friendly and sustainable sources of natural antibacterial agents has become increasingly essential in recent years. One promising alternative is the use of eco-enzymes, which are complex mixtures derived from organic waste fermentation and known to contain bioactive metabolites with antimicrobial potential. Pineapple peel, in particular, is rich in various bioactive compounds with documented antibacterial and antioxidant properties, making it a viable substrate for eco-enzyme production. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of pineapple peel-derived eco-enzyme against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, in comparison with the standard antibiotic chloramphenicol. An additional objective was to assess the influence of different incubation times on antibacterial effectiveness. An experimental design was employed using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method to test the antibacterial activity of the pineapple peel eco-enzyme at concentrations of 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%. Chloramphenicol (30 µg) served as the positive control. Statistical analysis revealed that the eco-enzyme exhibited significant antibacterial activity against both S. aureus and E. coli. Post hoc comparisons demonstrated that all eco-enzyme concentrations (100%, 90%, 80%, and 70%) were significantly different from chloramphenicol (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that the eco-enzyme effectively inhibited bacterial growth, although through a mechanism distinct from that of synthetic antibiotics. Results from the independent t-test showed no significant difference in antibacterial activity between S. aureus and E. coli (p > 0.05), suggesting that the eco-enzyme possesses broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, comparison between 18-hour and 24-hour incubation periods showed no significant difference (p > 0.05), implying that the inhibitory reaction reached its optimal level within the first 18 hours. The stable antibacterial activity observed after 18 hours indicates that the eco-enzyme maintains good functional stability against both tested bacterial strains.
Co-Authors Anastasia Desi Risma Benaya Yamin Onesiforus Materius Kristiyanto Materius Kristiyanto May Wulan Ayu Andani Naomy Cahya Marinda Nastabitha Rizindra Samuel Marchel Nugroho Sendhy Pravitadewi Ayusari Zalsa Billa Lutia Tambora