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Revitalizing Creative Industries: A Strategic Approach to Bolstering Buleleng Regency's Economy Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku; Ni Putu Rai Yuliartini; Ni Ketut Sari Adnyani
Journal of Judicial Review Vol. 25 No. 2 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : Universitas Internasional Batam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37253/jjr.v25i2.8145

This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Buleleng Regency, particularly in the creative industry sector. It aims to (1) analyze the status of MSME-based creative industries during the pandemic, (2) identify the challenges faced by these enterprises, and (3) propose economic policy strategies to strengthen them. Findings reveal that (1) the number of MSME-based creative industries in Buleleng Regency increased between 2019 and 2022. However, they encountered issues such as limited access to capital, lack of business formalization, human resource constraints, technology underutilization, suboptimal marketing and promotional efforts, and production challenges. (2) During the pandemic, these businesses faced obstacles like limited capital for owners, scarcity of raw materials and production equipment, bookkeeping issues, marketing constraints, managerial deficiencies, limited human resource capabilities, and difficulties in product distribution. (3) To bolster MSME-based creative industries during the pandemic, a multi-pronged economic policy strategy is proposed. This includes instilling local pride in using MSME products, enhancing product packaging, and organizing MSME groups based on business scale with the involvement of a curation team to identify businesses suitable for broader exposure.

Law Enforcement Against Perpetrators of Violence Sexual Against Children in the Decision Number 100/Pid.Sus/2025/PN.Sgr Nabila Budiman; Ni Putu Rai Yuliartini; Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku
Journal of Judicial Review Vol. 28 No. 1 (2026): June 2026 (Articles in Press)
Publisher : Universitas Internasional Batam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37253/jjr.v28i1.11417

Sexual violence against children constitutes a serious violation of human rights, with far-reaching consequences in physical, psychological, social, and moral dimensions. In cases involving sexual violence against children, law enforcement should ideally not only emphasize the punishment of perpetrators but also prioritize victim recovery and preventive measures to ensure that similar crimes do not recur. The findings of this study indicate that, first, law enforcement in Decision Number 100/Pid.Sus/2025/PN.Sgr has not yet demonstrated concrete measures to ensure the psychological recovery of the victim. In essence, victim recovery is an inseparable element of substantive justice. From the perspective of progressive law, judges should not merely act as the “mouthpiece of the law,” but should also serve as active agents in realizing social justice within society. Although the decision reflects the principle of legal certainty, the dimensions of substantive justice and humanitarian values still need to be strengthened so that law enforcement against perpetrators of sexual violence against children can genuinely side with the victims. Second, Law Number 35 of 2014 explicitly mandates the state to protect children from all forms of violence, exploitation, and discrimination. Within this framework, the principle of the best interests of the child must serve as the primary consideration in every legal policy and court decision. However, in the Singaraja District Court Decision, this principle has not been fully implemented, as the judgment does not include an order for the victim’s psychological recovery. The absence of provisions concerning victim rehabilitation and the restoration of the victim’s rights indicates that the aspect of child protection has not been optimally accommodated. Therefore, strengthening the implementation of a restorative justice approach within the national legal system is necessary to ensure that substantive justice can be realized for child victims of sexual violence.

Land Border Dispute Resolution Model in the Involvement of Customary Leaders Between Indonesia and Timor Leste in the Oecussi Enclave Area Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku; Ni Putu Rai Yuliartini; Hartana; Lukas Norman Kbarek; Seguito Monteiro
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): January, 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v6i1.15606

Indonesia and Timor Leste still have 4% of the land border that has not been agreed upon by the two countries, the fact is that the people who live on the border that is still being disputed have not accepted the implementation of international law which is the basis for resolving the border. However, this is precisely an obstacle when the state takes the main role, without considering the Traditional Leaders. This research will focus on efforts to reconstruct the role and existence of traditional leaders in the cultural dimension and the interconnectedness of local institutions, so that later a model for resolving state border disputes will be built with structured, legitimate cultural values that can be accepted by all components of society on the land border between the two countries, especially the Oecussi Enclave area. The outputs (products) of this research are the spectrum of the existence of traditional figures as local institutions based on religion in resolving disputes, a draft model for resolving land boundary disputes between Indonesia and Timor Leste in the Oecussi Enclave area, a draft mechanism for engineering public policies that are based on the cultural diversity of the Indonesian and Timor Leste communities, and scientific articles and intellectual property rights (IPR) on soft security based on culture in the role of traditional figures in resolving land boundary disputes between Indonesia and Timor Leste.

The Boundaries of Implementing a Limited Right to Work for Foreign Refugees in Indonesia Gede Yudi Sutrisna; Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku; Ni Putu Rai Yuliartini
Conference on Business, Social Sciences and Technology (CoNeScINTech) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Conference on Business, Social Sciences and Technology (CoNeScINTech) - Article
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37253/conescintech.v6i1.12720

The employment ban on foreign refugees in Indonesia triggers protracted refugee situations, resulting in socioeconomic vulnerabilities. The concept of granting a limited right to work has emerged as a humanitarian solution; however, its implementation is constrained by various legal boundaries and state sovereignty. This study aims to analyze the juridical restrictions on implementing a limited right to work for foreign refugees in Indonesia and to formulate an ideal framework that balances humanitarian commitments with the protection of the domestic workforce. Utilizing a normative juridical research method with a statute approach and a comparative approach, this study examines the harmonization between Presidential Regulation No. 125/2016 and national labor regulations. The results indicate that the primary obstacles to implementing a limited right to work in Indonesia stem from the lack of legal status for refugees as official Foreign Workers and the protectionism of the local job market under the Labor Law. This study concludes that a limited right to work can be implemented in Indonesia under strict conditions, including sector restrictions (limited to the informal sector or self-reliant creative economies), geographic boundaries, and a temporary nature during the resettlement waiting period. The government needs to adopt specific discretionary regulations to legalize this limited work scheme without compromising the economic rights of local citizens.

ASEAN Integration Strengthens Cooperation on Human Trafficking Crimes between Indonesia and Timor Leste I Putu Sukrawan; Ni Putu Rai Yuliartini; Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku
Conference on Business, Social Sciences and Technology (CoNeScINTech) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Conference on Business, Social Sciences and Technology (CoNeScINTech) - Article
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37253/conescintech.v6i1.12723

The transnational crime of human trafficking (TPPO) across the border of Indonesia and Timor-Leste in the East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) region remains a critical security challenge. This article aims to analyze how Timor-Leste's integration into ASEAN strengthens the cooperative mechanism for combating human trafficking between the two nations. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative method with a juridical-empirical approach, this study examines the effectiveness of regional legal instruments post-integration. The findings indicate that the adoption of the ASEAN Convention Against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (ACTIP) and Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA) mechanisms has successfully reduced bureaucratic barriers, accelerated intelligence sharing between the Indonesian National Police (Polri) and the National Police of Timor-Leste (PNTL), and tightened surveillance over illegal border tracks ('jalur tikus'). Furthermore, this regional integration drives a paradigm shift toward a victim-centered approach in the repatriation process. In conclusion, regional integration not only closes the legal loopholes previously exploited by criminal syndicates but also strengthens the ASEAN political-security pillar through a more structured and humanistic bilateral law enforcement framework.

Legal Analysis of Military Invasion as a Violation of State Sovereignty: A Case Study of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict Made Prayudi Vigraha Ardana; Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku; Ni Putu Rai Yuliartini
Conference on Business, Social Sciences and Technology (CoNeScINTech) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Conference on Business, Social Sciences and Technology (CoNeScINTech) - Article
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37253/conescintech.v6i1.12724

The full-scale military invasion launched by the Russian Federation into Ukraine's sovereign territory since February 2022 has triggered a global security crisis and shaken the international legal order. This study aims to analyze the legality of Russia's military invasion of Ukraine from an international legal perspective, as well as to identify the legal consequences and effectiveness of law enforcement by international organizations in addressing this violation of sovereignty. The research method used is normative juridical, with a statute approach and a case approach. Data sources were obtained through a literature review of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results show that Russia's military invasion constitutes a clear violation of the principles of state sovereignty, territorial integrity, and non-intervention as stipulated in Article 2 paragraph (4) of the United Nations Charter. The justifications put forward by Russia, such as the right to self-defense under Article 51 of the UN Charter and humanitarian intervention, do not meet the requirements of legitimate international law. On the other hand, the UN Security Council's law enforcement mechanism has been paralyzed by Russia's use of its veto power. This study concludes that UN institutional reform regarding the veto power in cases of aggression is necessary, as well as optimizing the role of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the International Criminal Court (ICC) in adjudicating crimes of aggression to restore violated state sovereignty.

Building an Accessible Digital Ecosystem for Persons with Disabilities: A Human Rights and Sustainable Development Perspective Ni Putu Rai Yuliartini; Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku; Gede Sariasa; Kadek Wiwin Asita Dewi
Conference on Business, Social Sciences and Technology (CoNeScINTech) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Conference on Business, Social Sciences and Technology (CoNeScINTech) - Article
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37253/conescintech.v6i1.12736

The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed various aspects of human life, including public services, education, employment, healthcare, and access to information. While digitalization offers significant opportunities for social and economic development, it also presents challenges related to digital exclusion, particularly for persons with disabilities. Despite international and national commitments to equality and non-discrimination, many digital platforms, applications, and public services remain inaccessible, limiting the participation of persons with disabilities in the digital environment. This situation raises concerns regarding the fulfillment of fundamental human rights and the realization of inclusive and sustainable development. This study examines the importance of developing an accessible digital ecosystem for persons with disabilities from a human rights and sustainable development perspective. Using a normative legal research method, the study analyzes international human rights instruments, including the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), as well as relevant national legal frameworks and policy initiatives concerning digital accessibility and inclusion. The research also explores the relationship between digital accessibility, equality, participation, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly the commitment to "leave no one behind." The findings demonstrate that digital accessibility is not merely a technical or technological issue but a fundamental human rights obligation. Accessible digital infrastructure enables persons with disabilities to exercise their rights to information, education, employment, political participation, and public services on an equal basis with others. Therefore, governments, technology providers, and other stakeholders must integrate accessibility principles into digital governance and technological innovation. Strengthening inclusive digital policies and accountability mechanisms is essential to ensuring that technological advancement contributes to sustainable development while safeguarding the rights and dignity of persons with disabilities.

Algorithmic Impunity and the Accountability Crisis in International Humanitarian Law Under AI-Driven Autonomous Weapons Systems David Greacy Geovanie; Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku; Ni Putu Rai Yuliartini
Conference on Business, Social Sciences and Technology (CoNeScINTech) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Conference on Business, Social Sciences and Technology (CoNeScINTech) - Article
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37253/conescintech.v6i1.12750

This study aims to (1) construct the concept of algorithmic impunity as a new analytical category within International Humanitarian Law (IHL), addressing the legal accountability vacuum produced by the deployment of AI-driven Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS) in contemporary military operations. (2) Specifically, it examines the failure of international criminal accountability doctrines to establish mens rea for harms caused by autonomous AI systems,and evaluates the adequacy of UN General Assembly Resolution 79/239 (2024) as a normative response to this crisis. A juridical-normative approach is employed through doctrinal and comparative legal analysis. Primary materials include IHL instruments, CCW GGE LAWS documents, relevant UN resolutions (Res. 79/62 and 79/239), and applicable international jurisprudence. The analysis examines three core IHL principles, distinction, proportionality, and precaution, in the context of LAWS operating without meaningful human oversight. The research identifies a structural accountability crisis in the current IHL regime stemming from three conditions: (1) causal anonymity between algorithmic decisions and lethal consequences; (2) the disintegration of traditional command chains due to machine autonomy; (2) and the absence of a binding legal instrument specifically governing LAWS. The study concludes that adequate normative response requires developing an algorithmic impunity doctrine within an additional IHL protocol, moving beyond meaningful human control toward an AI life-cycle accountability framework.

Law Enforcement Against Perpetrators of Violence Sexual Against Children in the Decision Number 100/Pid.Sus/2025/PN.Sgr Nabila Budiman; Ni Putu Rai Yuliartini; Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku
Journal of Judicial Review Vol. 28 No. 1 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Universitas Internasional Batam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37253/jjr.v28i1.11417

Sexual violence against children constitutes a serious violation of human rights, with far-reaching consequences in physical, psychological, social, and moral dimensions. In cases involving sexual violence against children, law enforcement should ideally not only emphasize the punishment of perpetrators but also prioritize victim recovery and preventive measures to ensure that similar crimes do not recur. The findings of this study indicate that, first, law enforcement in Decision Number 100/Pid.Sus/2025/PN.Sgr has not yet demonstrated concrete measures to ensure the psychological recovery of the victim. In essence, victim recovery is an inseparable element of substantive justice. From the perspective of progressive law, judges should not merely act as the “mouthpiece of the law,” but should also serve as active agents in realizing social justice within society. Although the decision reflects the principle of legal certainty, the dimensions of substantive justice and humanitarian values still need to be strengthened so that law enforcement against perpetrators of sexual violence against children can genuinely side with the victims. Second, Law Number 35 of 2014 explicitly mandates the state to protect children from all forms of violence, exploitation, and discrimination. Within this framework, the principle of the best interests of the child must serve as the primary consideration in every legal policy and court decision. However, in the Singaraja District Court Decision, this principle has not been fully implemented, as the judgment does not include an order for the victim’s psychological recovery. The absence of provisions concerning victim rehabilitation and the restoration of the victim’s rights indicates that the aspect of child protection has not been optimally accommodated. Therefore, strengthening the implementation of a restorative justice approach within the national legal system is necessary to ensure that substantive justice can be realized for child victims of sexual violence.

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