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All Journal Forest and Society Masyarakat: Jurnal Sosiologi
Sardjo, Sulastri
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science Social Sciences

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Transformation of Farmer Resistance in Conservation Areas: Land Occupation by Farmers in Mount Halimun-Salak National Park, West Java Sardjo, Sulastri; Dharmawan, Arya Hadi; Darusman, Dudung; Wahyuni, Ekawati Sri
Masyarakat: Jurnal Sosiologi Vol. 27, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

A number of studies have shown various agrarian conflicts as a response by local farmers against the policy of national parks that prohibits them from accessing conservation forest areas. However, previous studies had not explained the dynamics of power relations between park authorities and farmers who stand in opposition to these policies. This study employs a qualitative research approach complemented by secondary data to explain the transformation of farmer resistance in the Mount Halimun-Salak National Park (TNGHS) area, namely from their repertoire of everyday resistance to practices of land occupation. Specifically, this study uses the “powercube” analytical framework to explain the process of this transformation. The study concludes that changes have occurred within the dimensions of peasant power. Regarding the space of power, the power of farmers was transformed from being strictly exerted within closed spaces to being more open (invited), which enables them to conduct negotiations with the park authorities. Meanwhile, farmers now exert their power at the local TNGHS area level, after previously only taking place within each household. Finally, the form of power has changed from being hidden to more visible, which allows them to acquire the “recognition” of TNGHS authorities as legitimate sharecroppers. Farmers have been able to occupy land by taking advantage of the political space provided by a period of democratization, as well as their ability to mobilize economic capital and forge social relations with various actors, including the TNGHS park authorities.
The Agricultural Expansion in Conservation Areas: The Case of Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, West Java Sardjo, Sulastri; Dharmawan, Arya Hadi; Darusman, Dudung; Wahyuni, Ekawati
Forest and Society Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v6i2.18380

Abstract

The Indonesian government has expanded the Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP) to reduce the impact of global climate change and conserve ecosystem biodiversity. This policy has been resisted by local communities who need access to GHNSP area to support their livelihoods. Qualitative and quantitative approaches have been applied in this study to explain the occurrence of agricultural expansion and its impact on the household economy in the GHSNP area. This study is supported by an analysis of secondary data regarding land cover changes in the GHSNP corridor area. This study found that farmers have been able to take reflexive and rational actions by utilizing power relations and social networks to regain their access in the GHSNP area. It was shown by the formation of concentrated agriculture expansion in areas that were previously stated as the forestry corporation concessions. Agricultural expansion has increased due to the economic needs of the resident, migration, and the resident's need for land. Massive agricultural expansion in the GHSNP corridor has changed land use and corridor landscapes and disrupted conservation goals. This study concludes that agricultural expansion occurred as a response of farmers to government decisions to expand the national park into areas the local communities considered part of their living space. The complexity of changes due to agricultural expansion in conservation areas challenges conservation experts and the forestry profession to develop adaptive management that is more sensitive to change and community needs.
Co-Authors Arya Hadi Dharmawan Dudung Darusman Ekawati Sri Wahyuni Wahyuni, Ekawati