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All Journal JOLLT Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Journal of Islamic Civilization and Thought
Mohammad Kholid
Orange College Melbourne
Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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Unveiling Language Prejudice: A Corpus-Based Analysis of Racial Slurs Across Genres Fadhlur Rahman; Ella Yuzar; Mohammad Kholid
Journal of Languages and Language Teaching Vol 12, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10753

Abstract

Discrimination and racism have been obvious for decades. This encompasses derogatory racial epithets such as "nigger, niggers, n-words". The objective of this study was to employ corpus-based analysis in order to examine the frequency of racial derogatory expressions across various genres of literature. The COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English) data were employed to perform a corpus-based linguistic analysis of the terms 'nigger', 'niggers', and 'n-word' over a span of 20 years (1990 to 2019).  Although the words "niggers" and "n-word" have similar meanings, the occurrence of the word "niggers" and "n-word" in the corpora was significantly less frequent compared to the word "nigger." Primarily, the term "niggers" was used as a plural indicator for the derogatory term "nigger". The frequency with which individuals who use derogatory language, such as the term "niggers," associate themselves with pronouns like "they," "us," "those," "all of you," etc., suggests the existence of these patterns. The sole term that displays a notably diverse frequency distribution across genres is the n-word (in comparison to these two terms).
Ibn Rushd's Tripartite Framework of Discourse and the Architecture of Religious Truth Mohammad Kholid; Fadhlur Rahman; Rahma Nuzulia
Tharwah: Journal of Islamic Civilization and Thought Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Tharwah: Journal of Islamic Civilization and Thought
Publisher : LPPM UIN Sultanah Nahrasiyah Lhokseumawe

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47766/tharwah.v4i2.2484

Abstract

This paper examines the philosophical contributions of Ibn Rushd (Averroes, 1126–1198 CE), focusing on how his tripartite theory of discourse: demonstrative, dialectical, and rhetorical, functions as an architecture for securing assent to religious truth across different classes of believers. These three modes of argument reconcile philosophical reason with Qur’anic revelation, without reducing either to the other. Drawing on Ibn Rushd's major works, particularly Faṣl al-Maqāl, Kashf ʿan Manāhij al-Adilla, Tahāfut al-Tahāfut, and his Commentaries on Aristotle, alongside contemporary scholarship, this study argues that Ibn Rushd's tripartite theory of discourse is not merely a taxonomy of communication styles but a structured epistemology, each mode of discourse i.e. rhetorical, dialectical, and demonstrative corresponds to a distinct cognitive capacity among believers, and yield legitimate, though unequally certain, assent to the same underlying truth. Rhetorical, dialectical, and demonstrative discourse yield practical assent, provisional belief, and certain knowledge respectively; yet all three, on Ibn Rushd's account, deliver genuine access to truth rather than three competing truths. What distinguishes them is not what is known but how securely, and on what grounds, it is held. Ibn Rushd further argues that philosophy and religion cannot genuinely contradict each other, because both are paths to truth, and truth cannot contradict itself.
Recasting the Ghazālī–Ibn Rushd Conflict as a Metadiscursive Dispute: Register-realism vs. Register-instrumentalism Fadhlur Rahman; Mohammad Kholid; Nizar Saputra
Tharwah: Journal of Islamic Civilization and Thought Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Tharwah: Journal of Islamic Civilization and Thought
Publisher : LPPM UIN Sultanah Nahrasiyah Lhokseumawe

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47766/tharwah.v5i2.2574

Abstract

The dispute between al-Ghazālī (d. 1111) and Ibn Rushd (d. 1198) is typically told as a doctrinal fight over twenty metaphysical theses, with Ibn Rushd's charge that al-Ghazālī confuses demonstrative (burhānī), dialectical (jadalī) and rhetorical (khaṭābī) argument treated as polemical cover. We argue the dependency runs the other way. The doctrinal disputes are downstream of a prior conflict over the ontology of discourse: what a register is, and what fixes the register of an utterance. Ibn Rushd holds register-realism: registers are capacity-indexed, tracking stable divisions among kinds of mind, thus a text's register is settled in advance by its audience. Al-Ghazālī holds register-instrumentalism: registers are function-indexed, chosen for an occasion and a therapeutic end, so one author may shift registers within a work, and one text may act differently on different readers. Three consequences follow. Ibn Rushd's charge of “mixing” detects no fallacy but commits a category error, his taxonomy has no gap for immanent critique. His own second-order theory is performatively bound, the Faṣl al-Maqāl asserts demonstration's supremacy in a juridical-dialectical register that cannot, by his criteria, establish it. And beneath both lies a semantic disagreement: reading the veils of light in the Mishkāt al-Anwār, we take al-Ghazālī to locate obstruction in conceptuality rather than falsity, prising truth-yielding apart from adequacy to the object. The dispute prefigures a modern contest between ascriptive and enactive theories of genre.
Co-Authors Ella Yuzar Fadhlur Rahman Fadhlur Rahman Fadhlur Rahman Nizar Saputra Rahma Nuzulia