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All Journal The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science
Haryono
Universitas Pradita
Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering

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Ultra-Low Power Soil Sensor Enabling Multi-Year Battery Life Haryono
The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science Vol. 15 No. 3 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science
Publisher : AI Society & STMIK Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33022/ijcs.v15i3.5151

Abstract

Soil monitoring in large and remote agricultural areas is often limited by manual observation, resulting in low data frequency and reduced decision accuracy. To overcome this, this study presents a next-generation soil sensor system designed for ultra-low power operation and extended battery life. The system utilizes a STM32WLE5CCU6 microcontroller combined with a 6-in-1 RS485 soil sensor (T-H-EC-NPK) to measure soil humidity, temperature, electrical conductivity, and nutrient levels (N, P, K). The system operates using an optimized duty cycle, remaining in deep-sleep mode at approximately 3 μA and periodically activating for a short 600 ms sensing and data transmission phase consuming around 150 mA. This approach significantly reduces average power consumption to approximately 0.028 mA. With a 4000 mAh battery and a transmission interval of one hour, the system achieves a theoretical lifetime exceeding 16 years. However, considering practical factors such as battery self-discharge, sensor overhead, and environmental conditions, the effective operational lifetime is conservatively estimated to exceed 5–10 years without battery replacement. The results demonstrate that the proposed design successfully enables long-term, maintenance-free soil monitoring, making it suitable for large-scale and remote precision agriculture applications where energy efficiency and system reliability are critical.
Design and Implementation of an Offline-Capable Drone Tracking System for Agricultural Spraying Verification Using GPS and Multi-Level Water Tank Monitoring Handri Santoso; Haryono
The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science Vol. 15 No. 4 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science
Publisher : AI Society & STMIK Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Agricultural spraying drones have become an effective solution for increasing productivity and spraying uniformity in modern agriculture. However, landowners often face difficulties verifying whether spraying operations have actually been performed within designated areas. Conventional verification methods rely heavily on manual observation, which is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and prone to inaccuracies. This research presents the design and implementation of an offline-capable Drone Tracker system capable of recording drone operational activities through the integration of high-precision GPS tracking and multi-level water tank monitoring. The proposed system records location, speed, positioning quality, and tank liquid level every second, storing all information locally on an SD Card. Since agricultural areas frequently lack reliable internet connectivity, a store-and-forward synchronization mechanism is implemented, allowing data to be uploaded automatically once internet access becomes available. Experimental implementation demonstrates that the system can provide objective evidence of spraying activities while maintaining reliable operation in remote agricultural environments. The proposed solution improves transparency, accountability, and operational monitoring of agricultural drone services.
Co-Authors Handri Santoso