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All Journal Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Journal of Science and Technology Research for Pharmacy
Neli Syahida Ni'ma
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Antidiabetic and Antihyperuricemic Activities of Salak Madu (Salacca edulis Reinw) Peel Extract in Alloxan- and High-Purine Diet-Induced Mice Dzulrifaad Ubaidillah Al Afza; Neli Syahida Ni'ma
Journal of Science and Technology Research for Pharmacy Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Science and Technology Research for Pharmacy
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jstrp.v5i2.29856

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by impaired carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. Hyperuricemia is a condition in which serum uric‑acid levels exceed normal values, namely > 7.0 mg/dL in men and > 6.0 mg/dL in women. Both antidiabetic and antihyperuricemic therapies can be administered pharmacologically and non‑pharmacologically; however, synthetic drugs often produce undesirable side effects. Concerns regarding these adverse effects have led many people to favour herbal remedies that are perceived as safer, one of which is the Salak Madu fruit. Salak Madu (Salacca edulis Reinw.), an emerging premium variety cultivated in Sleman, Yogyakarta, is rich in flavonoids with potential antihyperglycaemic and antihyperuricaemic properties. The present study evaluated the antidiabetic and antihyperuricemic activities of Salak Madu peel extract in vivo using alloxan‑induced and high‑purine‑diet mouse models. Mice were observed over 14 days and treated orally with peel extract at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight (BW). On day 14, the 100 and 200 mg/kg BW doses produced significant reductions in blood‑glucose levels (P < 0.05), indicating a marked antihyperglycaemic effect in hyperglycaemic mice. For serum uric‑acid reduction, significant effects were observed on day 7 at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg BW (P < 0.05), demonstrating a pronounced antihyperuricemic action in hyperuricemic mice.
Comparative Antidepressant, Anxiolytic, and Acute Toxicity Evaluation of Lemon Peel and Peppermint Leaves Extracts in Mice Neli Syahida Ni&#039;ma; Annisa Aulia Savitri; Dyah Mahendrasari Sukendra; Ronny Meilano Hardiansyah; Ika Ayu Puspaningtias; Gavriel Fauzan Fathurahman; Septia Linasari
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1297-1304

Abstract

Depression and anxiety are prevalent psychiatric disorders, and current treatments are often limited by side effects, delayed onset, and resistance. Natural products are being explored as safer alternatives, and lemon peel (Citrus limon) and peppermint leaves (Mentha × piperita L.) contain diverse bioactive compounds with neuroprotective potential. This study evaluated the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of their ethanolic extracts, individually and in combination, in male Swiss Webster mice. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, and steroids in both extracts. Antidepressant activity, assessed by the Forced Swimming Test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST), showed that both extracts and their low-dose combination significantly reduced immobility time, with effects comparable to fluoxetine. In contrast, the high-dose combination did not enhance efficacy. Anxiolytic activity, evaluated using the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and Light-Dark Box (LDB), revealed that peppermint extract exerted the strongest effect, followed by the low-dose combination and lemon peel. Acute oral toxicity testing at 2000 mg/kg showed no mortality or adverse effects. These findings suggest that lemon peel and peppermint extracts possess antidepressant and anxiolytic properties with favorable safety profiles, supporting their potential as natural alternatives or adjuncts for managing mood disorders.
Co-Authors Annisa Aulia Savitri Dyah Mahendrasari Sukendra Dzulrifaad Ubaidillah Al Afza Gavriel Fauzan Fathurahman Ika Ayu Puspaningtias Ronny Meilano Hardiansyah Septia Linasari