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All Journal Politeia: Jurnal Ilmu Politik PARAPOLITIKA: Journal Of Politics and Democracy Studies
GINTING, EVI NOVIDA
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Humanities Social Sciences

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Representasi Perempuan di Parlemen Indonesia GINTING, EVI NOVIDA
Politeia: Jurnal Ilmu Politik Vol 3, No 2 (2011): Volume 3 No 2 Juli 2011
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Abstract

Since the political reform, there is an agenda to give Affirmative action for women in politics. The method is providing 30% quota for women. Is there any impact to the increase number of women in parliament? This study describes the number of women in parliament (2004 &2009). This study uses the behavioral approach. The data was collected with the study of literature and documents. The study found that the number of women in parliament increased after the 2009 elections. This is wonderful information, but this increase is still less. In 2004 there are 550 DPR RI seats, and the number of women only 61 or 11.09%. However, In 2009, the number of women increased to 18%. In DPD (the 2004 election), there are 27 member or 21,09%. Then after 2009 election the number of women increased to 27% member. The finding indicates that voters are not allergic to women candidates. In addition, women as candidates has demonstrat-ed its power to get votes.Keywords: Affirmative action, general election, representation of women.
Kemandirian dalam Sejarah Lembaga Independen Indonesia: Kontestasi Kelembagaan Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) Republik Indonesia 1998–2024 Evi Novida Ginting Manik; Azhari M Latief; Fredick Broven Ekayanta
Parapolitika: Journal of Politics and Democracy Studies Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): PARAPOLITIKA: Journal of Politics and Democracy Studies
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Politik

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33822/jpds.v7i2.14428

Abstract

Although regulatory reforms have strengthened the institutional position of Indonesia’s General Elections Commission (Komisi Pemilihan Umum, KPU) as a national, permanent, and independent electoral management body, contestation over the boundaries of its independence in relation to the House of Representatives (DPR) and the government continues to shape electoral governance in Indonesia. This persistent contestation suggests that KPU independence cannot be understood merely as a normative status guaranteed by the Constitution. This study examines how the concept of mandiri (independent) in Article 22E(5) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia emerged through a political process and how its historical formation has shaped the institutional development of the KPU through the 2024 elections. Drawing on Historical Institutionalism, particularly the concepts of critical juncture and path dependency, the study analyzes records of the constitutional amendment debates, laws and regulations, Constitutional Court decisions, and in-depth interviews with actors involved in the constitutional amendment process and KPU commissioners who served during the 2017–2022 and 2022–2027 terms. The findings demonstrate that the term mandiri emerged from a political compromise in which it replaced the term independent during the constitutional amendment process. This conceptual ambiguity was subsequently reproduced through regulatory changes, commissioner recruitment mechanisms, and the KPU’s institutional relations with the DPR and the government, thereby sustaining contestation over the boundaries of its independence. Theoretically, the study demonstrates that path dependency does not necessarily produce institutional stability; it may also reproduce institutional contestation. The findings further highlight the limitations of legal-formal approaches that conceptualize the independence of electoral management bodies as a static institutional attribute.
Co-Authors Azhari M Latief Fredick Broven Ekayanta