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All Journal EIGEN MATHEMATICS JOURNAL MEDICINUS
Dito Anurogo
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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Nanobubbles for Precision Oncology Dito Anurogo; Khadijah Zumratul Rabbani; Pudjo Dwi Laksono Dwi Laksono
MEDICINUS Vol. 39 No. 1 (2026): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56951/gsz6t860

Abstract

Nanobubbles (NBs) represent a unique class of sub-200 nm carriers that integrate deep tissue penetration with ultrasound (US)-responsive functionality, offering opportunities for simultaneous imaging, oxygenation, and therapeutic delivery in solid tumors. This review synthesizes the physicochemical principles governing NB stability with translational designconsiderations, including interfacial charge, free-lipid content, bubble spacing, and zeta (ζ)-potential as determinants of uptake and cytotoxicity. Particular emphasis is placed on gas-based payloads: oxygen nanobubbles for alleviating tumor hypoxia and carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) for redoximmunometabolicmodulation within hormetic dose windows. Preclinical data demonstrate that oxygen nanobubbles enhance radiotherapy and chemotherapy responses by reversing hypoxia-induced resistance, while CO, NO, and H₂Sdonors—delivered in biphasic, dose-sensitive ranges—enable immunomodulation and reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment. We further distill case-level evidence (e.g., IR780–docetaxel nanobubbles in pancreatic cancer) intopractical design rules and discuss engineering levers such as shell composition, crosslinking chemistry, and acoustic parameterization. Finally, this review outlines translational roadmaps covering scalable manufacturing, imaging-guideddosimetry, and early-phase clinical strategies. Collectively, nanobubble-based, gas-augmented, ultrasound (US)-triggered systems represent an emerging precision platform with the potential to transition from experimental prototypes towardcontrolled clinical evaluation in oncology.
Integrative Bioinformatics and Statistical Approaches for Identifying Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Breast Cancer Gangga Anuraga; Dito Anurogo; Fenny Fitriani; Hani Brilianti Rochmanto; Zulhan Widya Baskara
Eigen Mathematics Journal Vol 8 No 1 (2025): June
Publisher : University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/emj.v8i1.277

Abstract

Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, necessitating the identification of reliable biomarkers for prognosis and targeted therapy. This study employed an integrative bioinformatics and statistical approach to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in breast cancer using datasets GSE70947 and GSE22820 from the gene expression omnibus (GEO). A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify hub genes, followed by functional enrichment analysis to determine their biological significance. Survival analysis using the KMplot database revealed that CDC45, KIF2C, CCNB1, KIF4A, CENPE, CHEK1, KIF15, AURKB, NCAPG, and HJURP were significantly associated with poor prognosis. These genes were primarily enriched in cell cycle regulation, mitotic spindle organization, and DNA damage response, highlighting their role in tumor progression. Among them, CCNB1, CHEK1, and AURKB were strongly linked to cell cycle progression and checkpoint regulation, while KIF2C and CENPE played essential roles in mitotic division. High expression levels of these genes correlated with reduced overall survival, suggesting their potential as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in breast cancer.These discoveries help us better understand how breast cancer develops and point to potential targets for tailored treatments.
Co-Authors Fitriani, Fenny Gangga Anuraga Hani Brilianti Rochmanto Khadijah Zumratul Rabbani Pudjo Dwi Laksono Dwi Laksono Zulhan Widya Baskara