Raisha Tiara Hasnakusumah
Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jakarta

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ANALISIS PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KURIR PADA KASUS WANPRESTASI CASH ON DELIVERY (COD) DALAM PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI DI E-COMMERCE SHOPEE Dashilfa Afifah; Laras Medina Pranitiaz; Imelda Arthameisia Manullang; Nina Fitria Sukma; Raisha Tiara Hasnakusumah; Dwi Aryanti Ramadhani
Kultura: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Sosial, dan Humaniora Vol. 1 No. 3 (2023): Kultura: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Sosial, dan Humaniora
Publisher : Kultura: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Sosial, dan Humaniora

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.572349/kultura.v1i3.336

Abstract

Technological advances facilitate trade. The transaction process can be done without meeting in person so that its coverage becomes unlimited. Online commerce (e-commerce) is regulated by Act No. 19 of 2016 amending Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions as well as in Article 1320 of the Covenant. In the execution of the sale in e-commerce there must be a violation of both the seller and the buyer in particular on the payment system Cash on Delivery (COD). There is legal protection to the courier in the face of a buyer who has committed a misconduct by refusing the goods he ordered. This study uses normative jurisprudence methods by studying and analyzing library materials, legislative regulations, journals, books, and relevant legal research through a statute approach along with a case approach. The results of the research have shown that the legal position of the courier is as a recipient of payment that is responsible for replacing the company of goods delivery services in the exercise of authority of the seller and as a receiver of payment from the buyer.
Legal Analysis of the Policy on Appointing Foreign Nationals as Directors of State-Owned Enterprises Raisha Tiara Hasnakusumah
Jurnal Daulat Hukum Vol 9, No 2 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/jdh.v9i2.53729

Abstract

The amendment to Law Number 19 of 2003 on State-Owned Enterprises through Law Number 16 of 2025 has opened the possibility for foreign nationals to serve as directors of State-Owned Enterprise Limited Liability Companies (Persero BUMN). This policy has generated debate as it is considered a means of enhancing professionalism, corporate governance quality, and the competitiveness of SOEs. This study aims to examine the rationale behind the appointment of foreign nationals as directors of Persero BUMN and to assess its compatibility with the principle of state control as stipulated in Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution. Employing a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, the study finds that the policy emerged as a response to structural challenges faced by SOEs, including limited competitiveness, corporate governance issues, and the need for professional leadership in an increasingly competitive global environment. Furthermore, the appointment of foreign directors is not inconsistent with the principle of state control, provided that the state retains effective authority over their recruitment, appointment, and supervision. To safeguard national interests, a specific vetting mechanism should be established, particularly for SOEs operating in strategic and sensitive sectors.