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J. Achmadi
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences

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In vitro rumen fermentation of complete feed based on local feed ingredients with different ratios of protein degradability to non-fibrous carbohydrate E. N. Hendrarti; A. Subrata; S. Surahmanto; R, Adiwinarti; A. Purnomoadi; J. Achmadi
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 51, No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.51.2.114-124

Abstract

The objective of this study was to clarify in vitro ruminal fermentation of complete feeds with different ruminal degradable protein (RDP) - non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) ratios. The four complete feeds were formulated using local feed ingredients. Four feed treatments of RDP-NFC ratios were T1 = 0.32 (10.35:32.70); T2 = 0.29 (9.89:34.49); T3 = 0.26 (9.61: 37.45) and T4 = 0.23 (9.36:39.78). The parameters assessed were in vitro gas production (IVGP), feed rumen fermentability and microbial protein synthesis (MPS). The results showed that cumulative IVGP in T1 and T2 were higher than in T3 and T4 (P<0.05). However, the IVGP efficiency in T3 did not differ significantly from that observed in T1 and T2, nor was there a significant difference in T4. The molarities of individual VFAs were not differ significantly between treatments (P>0.05), other than isobutyrate. The isobutyrate molarity in T2 was lower than the others (P<0.05). The concentration and efficiency of MPS in T2, T3, and T4 were higher than in T1 (P<0.05). In conclusion, an RDP-NFC ratio of 0.26 (9.61:37.45) in complete feed has optimal effects on ruminal fermentation and MPS.
Essential mineral profiles in soils and forages in Indonesia’s active volcanoes: Implication for beef cattle nutrition in the eruption-impacted areas K. Khalil; D. Ananta; R. Novia; S. Suyitman; J. Achmadi
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 50, No 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.50.1.33-45

Abstract

A study was conducted to explore the essential mineral concentrations of volcanic soils and forag-es in different eruption-impacted areas and discuss the possible effects on beef cattle nutrition. A total of 75 forage and topsoil samples were collected in the eruption-impacted areas of five active volcanoes located on different islands in Indonesia: Agung Mt. (Bali), Gamalama (North Maluku), Lokon (Noth Sulawesi), Merapi (Central Java), and Sinabung (North Sumatra). The samples were analyzed for the essential macro minerals (Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, S) and trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, Se). Results found that Ca forage varied from 0.52 to 0.76 ppm, P: 0.09-0.36%, Mg: 0.26-0.39%, K:1.55-4.21%, Na: 0.09-0.12%, and S: 0.12-0.65%. The Fe concentration of 109-308 ppm was the most varied trace element in the forages, followed by Mn (30-186 ppm, and Zn (50-85 ppm). The soils Ca, Mg, Na, and S varied from 0.38-0.87, 0.07-0.71, 0.09-0.14, and 0.01-0.07%, respectively. The potential P and Mg ranged from 48.83-174.87 and 23.99-39.97 mg/100 g, respectively. The soil was considerably rich in Fe (142,230-20,252 ppm), followed by Mn (66-180 ppm), Zn (37-56 ppm), and Cu (10-60 ppm). Con-sidering requirements for growing cattle, forage K, S, and Cu exceeded tolerable levels; they were fa-vorable to Ca, Mg, Zn, Co, and Se concentrations, but P and Na were insufficient. In conclusion, the essential minerals most likely to limit beef cattle's nutritional status and productivity in the eruption-impacted areas are K, S, Cu, P, and Na.
Livestock farming sustainability and forage production in volcanic-hazard prone areas of Indonesia’s active volcano K. Khalil; D. Ananta; R. Novia; S. Suyitman; J. Achmadi
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 49, No 1 (2024): March
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.49.1.91-105

Abstract

Volcanic eruptions have varied and complex impacts on small-scale livestock farming located in volcanic hazard-prone areas due to diverse stock, rearing, and feeding practices. The study was aimed to clarify the critical factors for designing forage recovery and sustainable livestock production in highrisk-prone areas of active volcanic mountains. A total of seventy-five ruminant livestock farmers located in the eruption-impacted areas of five active volcanoes were surveyed on flock size, rearing, and feeding practices. They were interviewed about their experiences of the eruption's impact on the animals, forage feed, and livestock mitigation regarding survival efforts. Forage plants and soil samples were collected to analyze dry matter and crude nutrient composition and estimate the botanical composition, biomass production, and carrying capacity. Results showed that there were five species of ruminant animals reared in small flock size (< 7 heads/farm): beef cattle, buffalo, horses, goat, and sheep. Beef cattle and goats were the most popular farm animals raised in different breeds, rearing, and feeding systems. The volcanic eruption caused animal loss and health problems due to exposure to volcanic materials, forage damages, and animal mitigation constraints, resulting in flock size decrease and economic loss. The impact of the eruption on farm animals and forage plants varied among the volcanoes due to diverse eruptive characteristics, stock breed, rearing, and feeding practices. Livestock farming recovery post-eruption depended largely on the survival flock and the regrowth of forage plants. In conclusion, sustainable beef cattle farming in volcanic hazard-prone areas might be realized by effective livestock mitigation efforts, selecting appropriate types of animals and rearing/feeding systems based on agroecological conditions, and improving forage capacity and survival rate during and posteruption.
Co-Authors A. Purnomoadi A. Subrata D. Ananta D. Ananta E. N. Hendrarti Khalil Khalil R, Adiwinarti R. Novia S. Surahmanto Suyitman Suyitman