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All Journal International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research
Come, Warren D.
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Medicine & Pharmacology

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Supplementary Effect of Ensiled Ficus Fruit [Ficus nota (Blanco) Merr.] on The Growth Performance in Mallard Ducks [Anas platyrhynchos (Linnaeus), 1758] Gaviola, Isagani Q; Gacutan Jr., Manuel D.; Come, Warren D.; Yap, Karen Luz T.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research Vol. 5 No. 6 (2024): International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Rese
Publisher : Future Science / FSH-PH Publications

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/ijmaber.05.06.16

Abstract

A study was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing the ensiled ficus (EFF) fruit on the growth performance of mallard ducks. One hundred seventy-five (175) day old straight-run mallard ducklings were assigned with the following diets: A (control), B (5% EFF inclusion), C (10% EFF inclusion), D (15% EFF inclusion), and E (20% EFF inclusion) following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with cage location as blocking factor. Data were run in general linear model of SAS v.9.4. TS1M8 and difference among treatments were determined using trend comparison and declared significant at =0.05. Results showed the ensiling can improve the chemical composition of the ficus fruits and make it favorable to mallard ducks when supplemented. The effect of supplementing EFF in mallard ducks showed a general increase in VFI with higher inclusion rate of EFF with comparable BW and WG. However, FCR was a bit higher with ducks given increasing EFF supplement. Lastly, RFCC was also lower in diets with EFF compared to the control group.
A Comparative Study on the In Vivo and In Situ Degradability of Napier (Pennisetum purpureum), Guinea (Megathyrsus maximus), and Paspalum (Paspalum conjugatum) as Forage Grasess Goyo, Mart John M.; Gacutan, Jr, Manuel D.; Galvez, Lorina A.; Come, Warren D.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research Vol. 6 No. 6 (2025): International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Rese
Publisher : Future Science / FSH-PH Publications

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/ijmaber.06.06.24

Abstract

This study evaluated the in vivo and in situ degradability of 3 local forage grasses: Napier sp., Guinea sp., and Paspalum sp. Three (3) rumen-cannulated cattle of similar age were used for the degradability assessments. The in vivo experiment followed a 3×3×3 Latin Square Design (LSD), while the in situ degradability study employed a 3×5 factorial in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Dietary treatments consisted of A–Napier sp., B – Guinea sp., and C – Paspalum sp. In the in vivo digestibility trial, no differences were observed except for GE and NDF digestibility. As for the test diets, in vivo digestibility was comparable using local forages in the feed and nutrient digestibility assays (p>0.05). In contrast, no significant interactions were observed in the in situ ruminal degradability in feed, DMD, CPD, NDFD, and ADFD (p>0.05). However, main effects for Forage (factor A) showed a significant effect for both DMD (p<0.0028) and NDFD (p<0.0385). In addition, feed degradability was significant (p<0.0189). For the incubation time (Factor B), feed disappearance, DMD, and ADFD showed strong quadratic effects (p<0.0018, p<0.0001, and p<0.0095, respectively), suggesting that the breakdown process began rapidly but gradually slowed over time. In contrast, CPD and NDFD displayed a linear increase (p<0.0001).
Physico-Chemical Characteristics and In Vitro Rumen Degradability of Insect Frass as NPN Source for Mineral Blocks in Goats Tam-is, Rocelyn J.; Gacutan, Jr., Manuel D.; Come, Warren D.; Cimafranca, Lynette C.; Jimenea, John Raphael R.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research Vol. 6 No. 6 (2025): International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Rese
Publisher : Future Science / FSH-PH Publications

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/ijmaber.06.06.11

Abstract

The study was conducted to determine the potential of superworm (Zophobas morio) larvae (SWL) and black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) frass at 10% inclusion as non-protein nitrogen (NPN) source in formulating mineral blocks for goats, with emphasis on the physico-chemical properties of the mineral blocks, and to assess the extent of feed degradation in goats supplemented with insect frass-based mineral block through an in vitro degradability trial. A total of 16 post-weaned goats were used to determine the effects of supplementing insect frass-based mineral blocks on the feed degradation in goats. The goats were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four (4) treatments and four (4) blocks with initial body weight (BW) as the blocking factor. Treatment A (control), Treatment B (urea molasses mineral block) (UMMB), Treatment C (superworm larvae frass mineral block) (SWLFMB), and Treatment D (black soldier fly larvae frass mineral block) (BSFLFMB) served as treatments. Based on the results, insect frass-based mineral blocks showed potential as a good nutritional supplement for goats. These mineral blocks offer valuable sources of protein, non-protein nitrogen (NPN), and minerals. Evaluation of hardness and solubility indicated that the SWLFMB showed better hardness and compactness, but demonstrated the highest solubility among formulations. In contrast, the UMMB displayed relatively low hardness and compactness, yet was the least soluble of all the mineral block variants. Moreover, in vitro studies showed no significant difference among treatments. Therefore, insect frass-based mineral blocks are a viable alternative source of minerals and NPN for goats, which can be utilized to optimize ruminant feed resources.
Co-Authors Cimafranca, Lynette C. Gacutan Jr., Manuel D. Gacutan, Jr, Manuel D. Gacutan, Jr., Manuel D. Galvez, Lorina A. Gaviola, Isagani Q Goyo, Mart John M. Jimenea, John Raphael R. Tam-is, Rocelyn J. Yap, Karen Luz T.