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All Journal International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research
Gacutan, Jr., Manuel D.
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Medicine & Pharmacology

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Physico-Chemical Characteristics and In Vitro Rumen Degradability of Insect Frass as NPN Source for Mineral Blocks in Goats Tam-is, Rocelyn J.; Gacutan, Jr., Manuel D.; Come, Warren D.; Cimafranca, Lynette C.; Jimenea, John Raphael R.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research Vol. 6 No. 6 (2025): International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Rese
Publisher : Future Science / FSH-PH Publications

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/ijmaber.06.06.11

Abstract

The study was conducted to determine the potential of superworm (Zophobas morio) larvae (SWL) and black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) frass at 10% inclusion as non-protein nitrogen (NPN) source in formulating mineral blocks for goats, with emphasis on the physico-chemical properties of the mineral blocks, and to assess the extent of feed degradation in goats supplemented with insect frass-based mineral block through an in vitro degradability trial. A total of 16 post-weaned goats were used to determine the effects of supplementing insect frass-based mineral blocks on the feed degradation in goats. The goats were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four (4) treatments and four (4) blocks with initial body weight (BW) as the blocking factor. Treatment A (control), Treatment B (urea molasses mineral block) (UMMB), Treatment C (superworm larvae frass mineral block) (SWLFMB), and Treatment D (black soldier fly larvae frass mineral block) (BSFLFMB) served as treatments. Based on the results, insect frass-based mineral blocks showed potential as a good nutritional supplement for goats. These mineral blocks offer valuable sources of protein, non-protein nitrogen (NPN), and minerals. Evaluation of hardness and solubility indicated that the SWLFMB showed better hardness and compactness, but demonstrated the highest solubility among formulations. In contrast, the UMMB displayed relatively low hardness and compactness, yet was the least soluble of all the mineral block variants. Moreover, in vitro studies showed no significant difference among treatments. Therefore, insect frass-based mineral blocks are a viable alternative source of minerals and NPN for goats, which can be utilized to optimize ruminant feed resources.
Chemical Analysis of Local Guinea Grass (Megathyrsus maximus Jacq.) and Mombasa Grass (Megathyrsus maximus Jacq cv. Mombasa) Harvested at 30- and 45-day Cutting Intervals as Forage Grass for Ruminants in Leyte, Philippines Atole, Angelo Francis F.; Compendio, Jade Dhapnee Z.; Posas, Oscar B.; Cuadra, Lijueraj J.; Gacutan, Jr., Manuel D.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research Vol. 6 No. 9 (2025): International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Rese
Publisher : Future Science / FSH-PH Publications

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/ijmaber.06.09.17

Abstract

The study was conducted to compare the proximate analysis of the Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus Jacq.) cultivars (i.e., Local Guinea grass; LG, Mombasa grass; MG) harvested at either 30- or 45-day cutting intervals (CI) in Leyte, Philippines. The Guinea grass cultivars were planted in four plots; at 65 days, all grasses were manually harvested by zeroing. Succeeding harvests followed either at 30- or 45-day CI for six months. The treatment combinations were as follows: LG30 (LG, 30-day CI), LG45 (LG, 45-day CI), MG30 (MG, 30-day CI), and MG45 (MG, 45-day CI). LG has significantly higher dry matter (DM; except 4th harvest), OM, and GE contents (3rd and 4th harvests) than MG. In contrast, MG has significantly higher CP (3rd harvest) and ash (except 3rd harvest) contents than LG. Between CI, Guinea grass cultivars harvested at 45-CI have significantly higher DM, ash (2nd harvest), and OM contents than those harvested at a 30-day CI. In contrast, Guinea grass cultivars harvested at 30-day CI have significantly higher CP (3rd harvest) and EE contents (interaction effect at 4th harvest) than those harvested at 45-day CI. MG can be offered for ruminants requiring high CP and ash contents on a grass-based diet, especially when harvested at a 30-day CI. LG can be offered to ruminants requiring a low plane of nutrition.
Silage Quality of Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.) as Feed for Native Pigs Ibañez, Jr., Roger Y.; Abela, Julius V.; Villagonzalo, Ginas Aurea A.; Cagasan, Ulysses A.; Gacutan, Jr., Manuel D.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Rese
Publisher : Future Science / FSH-PH Publications

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/

Abstract

High feed costs and limited availability of conventional ingredients constrain native pig production in the Philippines. This study evaluated the silage quality and nutritional composition of arrowroot plant parts ensiled with and without molasses as a potential alternative feed resource. A 2×2 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design was conducted using two plant parts (aerial parts and whole plant) and two additive levels (0 and 4% molasses), with six replicates per treatment. Arrowroot plant biomass was ensiled for 21 days under anaerobic conditions and assessed for yield, fermentation characteristics, physical quality, proximate composition, gross energy (GE), fiber contents, and mineral content. Silage yield, pH (4.87- 4.96), and Fleig scores (69.62-82.82) were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by plant part or molasses supplementation, indicating good to very good silage quality. The addition of Molasses significantly (P<0.05) increased the total soluble solids and improved silage odor. Dry matter content (24.09-28.84%), crude protein (5.62-7.23%), and ether extract (2.37-2.75%) were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by treatments. Gross energy values across all treatments were not statistically differ (P>0.05) from each other, but, molasses-treated silages obtained high GE. Neutral detergent fiber (53.17–55.19%), acid detergent fiber (31.65-34.88%), and hemicellulose (20.31- 21.52%) did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among treatments. A significant plant part and molasses interaction (P<0.05) was observed for phosphorus, whereas potassium, calcium, and magnesium remained unaffected. These results indicated that arrowroot plant silage has favorable fermentation quality and a consistent fibrous energy profile, supporting its potential use in native pig feeding systems.
Co-Authors Abela, Julius V. Atole, Angelo Francis F. Cagasan, Ulysses A. Cimafranca, Lynette C. Come, Warren D. Compendio, Jade Dhapnee Z. Cuadra, Lijueraj J. Ibañez, Jr., Roger Y. Jimenea, John Raphael R. Posas, Oscar B. Tam-is, Rocelyn J. Villagonzalo, Ginas Aurea A.