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Population and Target Population in Research Methodology Willie, Michael Mncedisi
Golden Ratio of Social Science and Education Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): December - May
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grsse.v4i1.405

This paper thoroughly explores the foundational principles governing population and target population concepts within research methodology. It delves into the essential roles these concepts play in shaping the design and influencing the interpretation of research studies. Through an exhaustive analysis, it meticulously outlines the nuances that differentiate these two concepts, elucidating their respective contributions and implications across diverse research paradigms. Moreover, this paper underscores the importance of establishing clear definitions and boundaries for both the population and the target population. It emphasises how such precision is indispensable in guiding the formulation of effective sampling strategies, which are pivotal for ensuring the accuracy and reliability of study outcomes. Furthermore, it sheds light on how the clarity in defining these concepts significantly impacts the generalizability of research findings, elucidating how findings derived from a well-defined target population can be more confidently extrapolated to broader populations. In addition to methodological considerations, this paper investigates the ethical dimensions inherent in delineating population and target population. It underscores the moral imperative of accurately representing the groups under study, particularly ensuring equitable access to research participation and safeguarding against potential biases.

Strategies for Enhancing Training and Development in Healthcare Management Willie, Michael Mncedisi
Advances in Human Resource Management Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): October - January
Publisher : Yayasan Pendidikan Bukhari Dwi Muslim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60079/ahrmr.v3i1.408

Purpose: This study examines strategies to enhance training and development in healthcare management, particularly in response to challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. It aims to identify and assess training needs, emphasizing customized approaches to address emerging demands. Research Design and Methodology: This study employed a qualitative approach incorporating a literature review and case studies. The study focused on the pandemic’s impact on healthcare management strategies and evaluated key training requirements. Findings and Discussion: The research identified critical training needs, including health record management, supply chain processes, patient-centered care, customer service, financial management, corporate governance, and fostering a learning organization. Implications: The findings highlight the importance of tailored training programs to improve operational efficiency, patient care, financial stability, and continuous learning. This study offers valuable insights for healthcare organizations to adapt and thrive in a post-COVID-19 landscape.

Adoption of Digital Marketing Strategies by Medical Schemes in South Africa: A Case Study of Two Large Open Medical Schemes Willie, Michael Mncedisi
Advances in Business & Industrial Marketing Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): October - January
Publisher : Yayasan Pendidikan Bukhari Dwi Muslim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60079/abim.v3i1.409

Purpose: This study examines how digital marketing strategies—mobile apps, social media, and e-mail marketing—enhance consumer engagement, retention, and trust within the health insurance sector. Research Design and Methodology: Using purposive sampling, a case study approach was employed to analyze two health insurance schemes (Scheme A and B). Data collection focuses on mobile app usage, social media engagement, and e-mail campaigns. Findings and Discussion: Scheme A saw an 85% increase in daily app logins and a 14% rise in social media followers. Meanwhile, Scheme B experienced a 39% growth in app downloads but lower social media engagement. Both schemes demonstrated a shift from e-mail marketing to mobile and social media platforms. Implications: Health insurers should prioritize mobile and social media marketing to enhance customer engagement and loyalty through personalized digital interactions. The study contributes to understanding digital marketing's role in the industry and provides insights for future research.

Leader-Member Exchange and Organisational Performance: A Review of Communication, Biases, and Personality Challenges Willie, Michael Mncedisi
Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): August - February
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grhrm.v5i1.697

This study investigated how high-quality Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) relationships influence organizational performance, focusing on open communication, personal biases, and personality clashes in shaping these relationships and their outcomes. An empirical literature review was conducted by searching databases such as JSTOR, PubMed, and Google Scholar for articles related to LMX theory, communication, biases, and personality clashes. Peer-reviewed articles from recent decades were reviewed through abstracts and full texts, with the thematic analysis used to synthesize the findings. High-quality LMX relationships, characterized by trust, mutual respect, and open communication, significantly enhance organizational performance. These relationships lead to greater job satisfaction, team member engagement, and productivity, as well as support Organisational Citizenship Behaviours (OCB) and proactive behaviors, fostering innovation and collaboration. However, personal biases, the underutilization of skilled personnel, failure to recognize potential talent, and inadequate succession planning were identified as factors that could hinder effective communication and overall organizational performance. Organizations should improve LMX relationships by enhancing communication, addressing biases through targeted training, and implementing strategic talent management. Recognizing and developing potential talent, aligning roles with skills, and establishing clear succession plans are essential for optimizing leader-subordinate interactions and boosting organizational performance. This study provides a detailed review of how high-quality LMX relationships affect organizational performance. It emphasizes the importance of communication and addressing biases and personality clashes to enhance leadership effectiveness and organizational success.

High-Quality Leader-Member Exchange Relationships: A Pathway to Organizational Success Willie, Michael Mncedisi
Golden Ratio of Data in Summary Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): February - April
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grdis.v5i2.730

Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory posits that the relationship quality between leaders and their subordinates significantly influences various aspects of the workplace, including employee satisfaction, retention, and overall performance. The primary purpose of this research is to analyse the effects of high-quality LMX relationships on job satisfaction, career development, and employee retention. Recognising the vital role of effective leadership in enhancing employee engagement and organisational performance motivates this study. As workplaces become increasingly complex, understanding LMX dynamics is crucial for developing strategies to improve satisfaction and retention. The study aims to fill gaps in existing literature to inform future research and practical applications. Employing a qualitative approach, this study conducts a comprehensive literature review of existing research on LMX theory. It synthesises theoretical models, empirical studies, and case analyses to robustly understand LMX relationships and their implications in diverse organisational contexts. The literature reveals that high-quality LMX relationships characterised by mutual trust, support, and respect significantly impact employee satisfaction and retention. Employees with solid leader relationships report higher job satisfaction and commitment, leading to improved performance and lower turnover rates. The findings underscore the need for leaders to enhance trust and support within their teams through recognition and career development opportunities. Organisations prioritising these elements will likely experience increased employee satisfaction and performance, fostering a positive workplace culture.

Enhancing Culture and Retention through an Expanded Leader-Member Exchange Theory: A Focus on Commitment and Fairness Willie, Michael Mncedisi
Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): March - July
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grhrm.v5i2.705

This study investigates the implications of the high-quality Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) model on the dynamics of leader-follower relationships. It critically examines the model's limitations in addressing behavior, fairness, and mutual responsibilities within changing organizational contexts. A thorough literature review was conducted to analyze the relationship between LMX theory and its effects on key organizational outcomes, such as employee commitment, retention, and organizational culture. The result of this study states that the enhanced high-quality Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) model emphasizes the critical role of reciprocal obligations between leaders and employees in fostering affective, continuance, and normative commitment—key factors for improving employee retention. It also underscores the importance of cultivating an organizational culture that aligns with employee values, enhancing job satisfaction and reducing turnover. Strengthened high-quality LMX relationships ultimately contribute to sustainable organizational success. Practical Implications of this study state that organizations and scholars can apply the proposed model to improve leadership practices by fostering equitable, supportive, and robust LMX interactions. Addressing potential inequities and promoting inclusivity within the workplace can further enhance employee retention and satisfaction. This study advances the existing body of knowledge by introducing a conceptual model derived from literature. It demonstrates how mutual respect, friendships, and reciprocal responsibilities are precursors to employee commitment. The findings provide actionable insights for practitioners and policymakers to foster positive leader-member relationships and implement more effective and inclusive organizational structures.

Rethinking Literature Reviews: Key Pitfalls and Strategies for Postgraduates Willie, Michael Mncedisi
IJCAR: Indonesian Journal of Classroom Action Research Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Classroom Action Research-Available Online in July 2025
Publisher : DAS Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53866/ijcar.v3i2.883

The literature review was a fundamental component of postgraduate research, but it was often misinterpreted and underused as a vital tool for critical analysis. This study explored common pitfalls encountered by postgraduate students in constructing literature reviews, including over-reliance on descriptive summaries, thematic fragmentation, outdated sourcing, and insufficient synthesis across studies. Through a qualitative content analysis of peer-reviewed guidelines and academic writing literature, key themes emerged that emphasised the importance of thematic organisation, critical engagement with current and high-quality sources, explicit identification of knowledge gaps, and consistent alignment with research questions. The findings highlighted the need to integrate conceptual and theoretical frameworks as intellectual scaffolding and to promote reflexivity to enhance scholarly rigour. This study offered practical recommendations for postgraduate researchers to transform the literature review from a mere summary into a compelling, theory-informed argument that effectively justified the relevance and originality of their research.

Ethical Issues and Implications of Citation Practices: A Case Study on Excessive Citations, Self-Citation and Co-Author Citations Willie, Michael Mncedisi
Golden Ratio of Data in Summary Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): August - October
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grdis.v5i4.579

Citation practices are crucial for maintaining academic integrity, as they credit original ideas and integrate new research into the established knowledge framework. However, these practices can compromise scholarly work and misrepresent the impact of research when manipulated. This study investigates ethical concerns associated with excessive self-citation and co-author citations, examining their implications for academic integrity and citation metrics. Through a case study of a published paper—selected for its high frequency of co-author citations from accredited, peer-reviewed journals listed on Google Scholar—this research analyses citation patterns and their potential to inflate perceived scholarly impact. The findings reveal that excessive self-citation and repeated co-author citations can distort academic evaluations and create an imbalanced scholarly landscape. Supported by the literature, the study highlights the need for clear guidelines, transparency in citation practices, and vigilant monitoring by peer reviewers and editors. To preserve the integrity of academic research and ensure fair assessment, the paper recommends developing robust guidelines for citation practices and promoting transparency in citation choices.

Analysis of Cancer Care Services: A Case Study Approach in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa Willie, Michael Mncedisi
Advances in Healthcare Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): September - February
Publisher : Yayasan Pendidikan Bukhari Dwi Muslim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60079/ahr.v3i1.461

Purpose: This study examines the relationship between medication shortages and supply chain inefficiencies within the healthcare system, particularly in cancer care. Furthermore, it examines how logistical challenges, including delays and inadequate distribution networks, worsen the shortage of critical cancer medications, affecting patient access to essential treatments. Research Design and Methodology: To understand how these supply chain inefficiencies impact healthcare delivery in oncology, a qualitative approach incorporating a literature review and case studies is used. The study applies supply chain resilience theory to assess current logistics' effectiveness and identify areas for improvement. Findings and Discussion: The study highlights the significant role of supply chain inefficiencies in exacerbating medication shortages, which directly impact cancer patients' access to life-saving treatments. It underscores the need for better management practices, more efficient distribution systems, and enhanced logistics to address these issues. Implications: The study stresses the importance of strategic supply chain improvements to ensure the consistent availability of critical medications. The findings aim to guide healthcare policies and practices, particularly in oncology, to enhance patient care and improve healthcare outcomes. Addressing these inefficiencies will facilitate more reliable and timely access to cancer treatments, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Addressing the Stigma and Size of Antiretroviral (ARV) Tablets: A Call for Innovation Willie, Michael Mncedisi
Advances in Healthcare Research Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): March - August
Publisher : Yayasan Pendidikan Bukhari Dwi Muslim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60079/ahr.v3i2.477

Purpose: This study investigates how antiretroviral (ARV) tablet size affects medication adherence, particularly in individuals with dysphagia, pediatric populations, and the elderly. It highlights the role of tablet size in influencing adherence and its broader impact on virological control, drug resistance, and HIV-related morbidity. Research Method: This research employed a constructivist paradigm, conducting a scoping literature review to explore existing studies. Systematic inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select relevant sources. Thematic analysis identified key patterns and refined central themes to ensure analytical consistency regarding ARV tablet size and associated adherence barriers. Results and Discussion: The review reveals that smaller tablets, particularly in dolutegravir-based regimens, significantly enhance adherence by reducing the physical difficulty of swallowing. However, the visibility of medication continues to contribute to stigma, potentially undermining adherence. Emerging innovations, such as mini-tablets, nanotechnology, and long-acting injectables, show promise; however, their cost and limited availability hinder widespread adoption in low-resource settings. Implications: The findings suggest a need for patient-centred ARV formulations that reduce stigma and improve access. Policymakers and pharmaceutical stakeholders are encouraged to develop smaller, affordable ARV options to support better adherence and long-term treatment success.

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