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All Journal Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA
Amadioha, Anderson Chidi
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Medicine & Pharmacology

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Aktivitas Anticendawan Ekstrak Daun Alchornea cordifolia terhadap Aspergillus flavus Penyebab Busuk Umbi Ubi Jalar: Aktivitas Anticendawan Ekstrak Daun Alchornea cordifolia terhadap Aspergillus flavus Penyebab Busuk Umbi Ubi Jalar Enyiukwu, David; Amadioha, Anderson Chidi; Bassey, Inemesit Ndarake
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 19 No 6 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.19.6.253-264

Abstract

Aktivitas Anticendawan Ekstrak Daun Alchornea cordifolia terhadap Aspergillus flavus Penyebab Busuk Umbi Ubi Jalar Kejadian busuk dan kontaminasi mikotoksin pada produk pertanian banyak terjadi di negara tropis. Aspergillus flavus adalah cendawan penghasil mikotoksin utama penyebab busuk pada umbi-umbian di negara bagian Abia, Nigeria. Konsumsi bahan makanan yang terkontaminasi mikotoksin menyumbang 25% penyakit manusia yang penting secara medis di Nigeria. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menilai aktivitas anticendawan ekstrak daun Alchornea cordifolia terhadap A. flavus—cendawan patogen penyebab busuk pada umbi ubi jalar yang disimpan—baik secara in vitro maupun in vivo. Isolat A. flavus dari umbi ubi jalar dengan gejala busuk digunakan pada uji patogenisitas untuk memastikan perannya sebagai patogen. Lima konsentrasi (100–500 mg mL-1) ekstrak daun A. cordifolia dengan pelarut metanol dan tiofanat-metil—fungisida standar—dievaluasi terhadap pertumbuhan cendawan dalam kultur in vitro dan perkembangan busuk yang disebabkan oleh patogen serta penyebarannya secara in vivo. Percobaan terdiri atas 7 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan yang disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap. Penghambatan sebesar 56.38%–68.22% dan 67.245–80.01% ditunjukkan pada konsentrasi ekstrak daun A. cordifolia 100 mg mL-1 dan 500 mg mL-1 terhadap perkecambahan spora, sedangkan konsentrasi yang sama mengurangi perkembangan busuk sebesar 60% pada perlakuan kontrol menjadi berturut-turut 21.80% dan 12.10% (P<0.05) dibandingkan dengan fungisida standar, tiofanat-metil. Tanaman ini menunjukkan aktivitas antifungal yang kuat secara in vitro dan meminimalkan perkembangan pembusukan yang disebabkan oleh A. flavus secara in vivo.
Mycotoxicity of leaf extract of Tabernaemontana pachysiphon Stapf against Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht, a postharvest fungal rot pathogen of taro Enyiukwu, David Nwazuo; Amadioha, Anderson Chidi; Bassey, Inemesit Ndareke
Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika Vol. 24 No. 2 (2024): SEPTEMBER, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA: JOURNAL OF TROPICAL PLAN
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jhptt.224251-261

Abstract

Taro, otherwise known as cocoyam, is one of the major sources of calories in the tropics. However, losses of its corm during storage are high, partly due to pathogenic diseases. Fusarium oxysporum is one of the principal fungal pathogens causing about 50% of postharvest losses of taro corms in the tropics. The rise in pesticide-resistant fungal pathogens, amongst other factors, has necessitated the recent search for alternatives to synthetic pesticides. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of six concentrations (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) of aqueous leaf extract of T. pachysiphon on spore germination, mycelial growth and reproduction of F. oxysporum both in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro experiment was conducted using the poison bait technique, while the in vivo experiment involved 21 corms (200 g) artificially infected with F. oxysporum and treated with the respective concentrations of the test extracts or griseofulvin. The control consisted of fungus-infected corms only. Generally, the experiments consisted of 7 treatments replicated 3 times and were laid out in a completely randomized design. Results of the cultures studies showed that all aqueous extract of T. pachysiphon significantly (P< 0.05) and to varying degrees impeded spore germination (56.38–70.24%) and retarded radial growth of the pathogen (68.27–82.01%). The percentage rot expression in the living tissues treated with the extracts ranged between 19.4% and 40.4%. All results were statistically (P< 0.05) superior to the control but comparable to the results (75.06%, 86.41%, and 17.2%) obtained with griseofulvin for these features, respectively. The inhibitions were linearly correlated with the dose of application of the biotoxicant both in vitro and in vivo.
Co-Authors Bassey, Inemesit Ndarake Bassey, Inemesit Ndareke Enyiukwu, David Enyiukwu, David Nwazuo