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Uadia, Jeremiah Ogboma
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Chemistry

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Comparative Studies of the Phytochemical Analysis, Mineral Content, Antibacterial Activity and Antioxidant Potential of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Alstonia Boonei Leaves and Stem Bark Uadia, Jeremiah Ogboma; Ogbeide, Osahon Kennedy
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol 7, No 1 (2024): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v7i1.20667

Abstract

Folkloric medicine has reported the effectiveness of Alstonia boonei stem bark and leaf extracts in treating and managing different ailments.  Hence, this research is a comparative evaluation of the phytochemicals; antioxidant potential, mineral content, and antibacterial capacity of ethyl acetate extract of Alstonia boonei leaves and stem bark. Phytochemical analysis was determined using standard methods; mineral composition was determined using a flame photometer and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer; antibacterial capacity was analysed by agar-well diffusion method; and antioxidant potential was examined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. The phytochemicals detected were phenolics, eugenols, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and reducing sugars in both extracts. Mineral content for sodium, iron, potassium, zinc, copper, magnesium and calcium was found to be 5.61 ± 1.33, 7.25 ± 1.00, 120.63 ± 1.39, 1.62 ± 0.30, 1.01 ± 0.01, 2.36 ± 0.10 and 15.61 ± 1.20 mg/kg respectively for the leaf extract, and 9.36 ± 0.35, 6.36 ± 0.55, 113.64 ± 0.45, 2.40 ± 0.32, 0.02 ± 0.00, 2.10 ± 0.50 and 28.30 ± 0.22 mg/kg respectively for the stem bark extract. The antioxidant potential at 250, 200, 150, 100, and 50 g/mL gave an IC50 of 2.89 ± 0.51, 3.90 ± 0.50, and 2.52 ± 0.22 μg/mL for leaf extract, stem bark extract and standard, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) outcome was identical for both extracts except for P. aeruginosa. Both extracts' minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were 12.5 to 50 mg/mL, except B. subtilis. Hence, this result provides valuable insight into the comparative usefulness of the plant in phytomedicine.
Phytochemical Investigation, Proximate Composition, Acute Toxicity, Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activities of Extracts of Caesalpinia Pulcherrima Linn Flower Uadia, Jeremiah Ogboma; Nnamdi, Emeka Kingdom; Chigozie, Nnadozie; Ndubisi, Valerie Ifeanyi; Ogbeide, Osahon Kennedy
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol 6, No 2 (2023): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v6i2.18175

Abstract

The management and treatment of inflammation and pains have continued to gain increasing interest in recent times due to the challenge they pose to health. The study evaluated the phytoconstituents, proximate content, acute toxicity, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive properties of Caesalpinia pulcherrima flower extracts using different solvents. The bioactive chemical constituents, acute toxicity, and antioxidant property were investigated via standard methods while the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were determined using formalin-induced inflammation and acetic acid-induced writhing methods respectively. Phytochemicals determined were alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, phenolics, terpenoids, and steroids. The moisture, crude fibre, crude lipid and total ash content determined were 6.20 ± 0.01%, 15.00 ± 0.07%, 1.80 ± 0.03% and 7.00 ± 0.00% respectively. The n-hexane extract possessed the chief % inhibition (86.49 ± 0.30) and for ascorbic acid 88.29 ± 0.00 at 500 μg/mL extract from the antioxidant study. The acetone extract displayed the greatest significant anti-inflammatory potential at both 100 and 200 mg/kg dose at four hours, being the most effective and there exist a momentous reduction at p 0.05 in the writhes’ number in a manner depended on dose in the acetone and n-hexane extracts. At 5000 mg/kg, there was 100% mortality when the crude extracts were orally administered to the Swiss mice. This study ratifies that Caesalpinia pulcherrima flower extract is a potential spring of phytomedicine which could be applied for managing of inflammation, pain and oxidative stress-related infections but higher dosages could potentially be lethal.
Comparative Studies of the Phytochemical Analysis, Mineral Content, Antibacterial Activity and Antioxidant Potential of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Alstonia Boonei Leaves and Stem Bark Uadia, Jeremiah Ogboma; Ogbeide, Osahon Kennedy
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v7i1.20667

Abstract

Folkloric medicine has reported the effectiveness of Alstonia boonei stem bark and leaf extracts in treating and managing different ailments.  Hence, this research is a comparative evaluation of the phytochemicals; antioxidant potential, mineral content, and antibacterial capacity of ethyl acetate extract of Alstonia boonei leaves and stem bark. Phytochemical analysis was determined using standard methods; mineral composition was determined using a flame photometer and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer; antibacterial capacity was analysed by agar-well diffusion method; and antioxidant potential was examined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. The phytochemicals detected were phenolics, eugenols, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and reducing sugars in both extracts. Mineral content for sodium, iron, potassium, zinc, copper, magnesium and calcium was found to be 5.61 ± 1.33, 7.25 ± 1.00, 120.63 ± 1.39, 1.62 ± 0.30, 1.01 ± 0.01, 2.36 ± 0.10 and 15.61 ± 1.20 mg/kg respectively for the leaf extract, and 9.36 ± 0.35, 6.36 ± 0.55, 113.64 ± 0.45, 2.40 ± 0.32, 0.02 ± 0.00, 2.10 ± 0.50 and 28.30 ± 0.22 mg/kg respectively for the stem bark extract. The antioxidant potential at 250, 200, 150, 100, and 50 g/mL gave an IC50 of 2.89 ± 0.51, 3.90 ± 0.50, and 2.52 ± 0.22 μg/mL for leaf extract, stem bark extract and standard, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) outcome was identical for both extracts except for P. aeruginosa. Both extracts' minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were 12.5 to 50 mg/mL, except B. subtilis. Hence, this result provides valuable insight into the comparative usefulness of the plant in phytomedicine.
Co-Authors Chigozie, Nnadozie Ndubisi, Valerie Ifeanyi Nnamdi, Emeka Kingdom Ogbeide, Osahon Kennedy