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ANALISIS BAHAN KIMIA OBAT NATRIUM DIKLOFENAK DALAM SEDIAAN JAMU ASAM URAT YANG BEREDAR DI KOTA TIMIKA Maryam, St.; Suhaenah, Asriani; Rusniyanti, Rusniyanti
As-Syifaa Jurnal Farmasi Vol 15, No 2 (2023): AS-SYIFAA JURNAL FARMASI
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi UMI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56711/jifa.v15i2.1031

Abstract

Uric acid herbs are an alternative that is still widely used by the community as an anti-inflammatory and pain reliever. The increasing public interest in returning to traditional medicine has prompted several manufacturers to add medicinal chemicals to their preparations to produce a faster and maximum therapeutic effect, one of which is diclofenac sodium. The study aimed to analyze the chemical ingredients of the uric acid herbs circulating in Timika City and to find out the level of diclofenac sodium contained therein. The method used is High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with reverse phase, where the mobile phase is methanol: aquabidestilata (80:20) and the stationary phase is column C-18. Based on the test results, nine uric acid herbs showed positive results with retention times at the same value as diclofenac sodium. The content of diclofenac sodium obtained were code A herb of 4.135 mg/L, B herb : 36.300 mg/L, C herb : 18.530 mg/L, herb D : 473.219 mg/L, herb E : 40.991 mg/L, herb F : 77.165 mg/L L, herb G : 93.109 mg/L, herb H : 52.700 mg/L, and herb I : 297.123 mg/L. All herb samples tested were unfit for public use because they contained the chemical drug sodium diclofenac
COVID-19 and the Energy Crisis: Saudi Arabia's Diplomatic Steps Through OPEC Negotiations Rusniyanti, Rusniyanti; Mayllian, Veronica Patricia; Putri, Angelina Aprilia
Journal of Islamic World and Politics Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Prodi Hubungan Internasional Program Magister Univ. Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jiwp.v9i2.179

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted global economic growth, including the energy sector, due to the drastic drop in world oil prices. Saudi Arabia, as a key player in OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries), uses diplomacy to maintain the stability of the oil market. This research aims to understand Saudi Arabia's energy diplomacy in the face of the instability of the global commodity market caused by the pandemic. The theory used in this research was energy diplomacy, which examines Saudi Arabia's strategy as a key player in OPEC with other oil-producing countries. This study used a qualitative descriptive method with secondary data from relevant literature on Saudi energy policy and diplomacy during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study found that, first, Saudi Arabia successfully used its position in OPEC to achieve a consensus on oil production cuts during the COVID-19 pandemic and collaborated with non-OPEC countries to stabilize global oil prices. This strategy strengthens Saudi diplomacy's ability to address the challenges of the crisis, using energy diplomacy as a tool to handle the crisis and maintain national economic stability.