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Simulacra dalam Novel Hujan Karya Tere Liye (Tinjauan Postmodernisme Jean Baudrillard) Elva, Elva; Tang, Muhammad Rapi
Nuances of Indonesian Language Vol 4, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : PPJB-SIP (Perkumpulan Pengelola Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia serta Pengajarannya).

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51817/nila.v4i1.78

Abstract

This study aims to reveal the simulacra model in Tere Liye's Rain novel, in terms of Jean Baudrilard's postmodernism. This research is descriptive qualitative in nature. The data in this study are in the form of words, phrases, sentences and paragraphs that contain models of simulacra. The source of data in this study is the novel Hujan by Tere Liye, published in Jakarta by Gramedia Pustaka Utama in 2016. The data in the study were analyzed using Jean Baudrillard's postmodernism theory. The data collection techniques used in this study were reading and note-taking techniques. Data analysis techniques are data reduction, data presentation, conclusion and verification. The results showed that the novel Hujan by Tere Liye found simulacra model. The simulacra model or form in the novel is in the form of pastiche or what is called pure imitation, parody is an allusion to an event, kitsch is identified with cheap art, and camp is a form or aesthetic without content. 
Why Do the EU and Singapore Protect E-Commerce Consumers Better Than Indonesia? Elva, Elva; Disemadi, Hari Sutra; Nurlaily, Nurlaily; Bajury, Mimi Sintia Mohd
Jurnal Kajian Pembaruan Hukum Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): July-December
Publisher : University of Jember, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/jkph.v5i2.53695

Abstract

This study addresses the pressing research problem of how Indonesia’s existing legal enforcement framework fails to protect consumers from irresponsible e-commerce practices, in contrast with more advanced jurisdictions such as Singapore and the European Union. The primary objective of the research is to examine and compare the enforcement models employed in Indonesia, Singapore, and the EU, with a view to identifying strengths and gaps that may inform reforms in Indonesia’s legal system. Using normative legal research, employing both comparative legal and statutory approaches, the study relies on secondary legal materials and regulations from all three jurisdictions, and analyses them through descriptive qualitative methods underpinned by Progressive Legal Theory. The findings show the EU's leadership in data protection enforcement through strong turnover-based sanctions, independent supervisory bodies, cross-border dispute resolution, and rigorous due diligence. Singapore demonstrates moderate effectiveness through accessible consumer forums, robust PDPC enforcement, and compliance tools such as CaseTrust, though its scope remains limited. Indonesia lags behind, hindered by weak sanctions, fragmented oversight, underdeveloped dispute resolution mechanisms, and a lack of independent enforcement. These insights underscore the need for Indonesia to adopt systemic reforms, including turnover-based penalties, an independent data authority, integrated online dispute resolution, and coordinated regulatory frameworks, shifting from formalistic rules toward a progressive legal ecosystem that upholds consumer protection, accountability, and digital trust.