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All Journal Jambura Equilibrium Journal Ecces: Economics, Social, and Development Studies
Setiawan, Widy
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Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences

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Understanding the Dynamics of Unemployment and Poverty in the Tomini Bay Area Dai, Sri Indriyani S.; Hasan, Sherina; Setiawan, Widy
EcceS: Economics, Social, and Development Studies Vol 10 No 2 (2023): December
Publisher : Economics Department, Faculty of Economic and Islamic Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/ecc.v10i2.41137

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of education level, gini ratio and labor force participation rate on unemployment, as well as the effect of unemployment on poverty in the Tomini Bay region. The data used in the study is secondary data in the form of 10 regencies/cities in the Tomini Bay area, for the 2018-2022 period, sourced from the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. The novelty of this study is trying to trace the relationship between educational and economic aspects to the phenomenon of poverty in the Tomini Bay Region, as a regional economic power. The future impact of this study is the mapping of the actual condition of poverty and the availability of more evidence-based policy recommendations in reducing unemployment and poverty in the Tomini Bay Area. This study used descriptive quantitative methods. With an approach (Simultaneous equation regression model) using the Indirect Least Square (ILS) regression technique with Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results of this study show that the level of education and the labor force participation rate have a negative and significant effect on unemployment. In contrast to the Gini ratio which actually has a positive and significant effect on unemployment. On the other hand, unemployment shows a positive and significant influence on poverty. The implication of the research is the need for a truly massive policy to strengthen the education dimension, to accelerate the increase in human capital and the importance of a sustainable program to increase employment opportunities from the government so as to reduce unemployment and poverty.
Minimizing Disguised Equity as Mandated by the Income Tax Law of Indonesia Setiawan, Widy
Jambura Equilibrium Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2024): Vol 6. No 1. January 2024
Publisher : Gorontalo State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37479/jej.v6i1.23092

Abstract

The Indonesian government has limited the Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER) to a maximum of 4:1 since the 2016 tax year and reduced the corporate income tax rate from 25% to 22% since the 2020 tax year. I compared data on public companies in Indonesia and Thailand to see the impact of reducing tax rates to reduce Tax Avoidance and reduce Disguised Equity. I also analyzed the findings of eleven previous studies regarding the effectiveness of DER restrictions in Reducing Tax Avoidance and Disguised Equity. As a result, a decrease in the tax rate has not been correlated with tax avoidance and DER. DER restrictions, although effective in reducing Disguised Equity, are ineffective in boosting tax revenues through company capital structure changes because with a DER limit of 4:1, companies still have room for tax savings. The DER limit of 4:1 is still higher than the average DER in sample companies of 0.3:1. Therefore, I suggest that the government immediately implement interest cost limitation regulations with the Interest Expense Limitation Based on EBITDA provisions as recommended by the OECD. I simulated changes in interest cost financing restrictions for companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2016 and 2021 if using a DER limit of 4:1 and if using Interest Expense Limitation Based on EBITDA. As a result, the government can increase potential tax revenues significantly.
Co-Authors Hasan, Sherina Sri Indriyani S. Dai