Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2020 - 2025
0.23
P-Index
This Author published in this journals
All Journal Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies (Indones. J. Chem. Stud.)
Nawaz, Hafiz Rub
Unknown Affiliation
Chemistry

Published : 1 Documents Claim Missing Document
Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 1 Documents
Search

 1 
A Technical Study on the Effect of Hydrothermal and Dry Heat Shrinkage of Different Shoe-Upper Leathers Used in Pakistan Solangi, Barkat Ali; Zehra, Beena; Nawaz, Hafiz Rub; Nadeem, Uzma; Pervez, Mohammad Kashif; Zeeshan, Mohammad
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., June 2023
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v2i1.10

Abstract

The shrinkage of leather becomes a problem when leather is used in the form of leather shoes or other products and is heated at a high temperature. This technical study addressed shrinkage occurring in most leather shoes used in Pakistan during the shoe manufacturing process.  The chemical testing results revealed fat content (4.0-4.5%), chromic oxide (2.3-2.5%), ash content (1.3-1.6%), and pH (3.5-3.7) under significant limits. The effects of hydrothermal and dry heat shrinkage were investigated in selected shoe-upper leathers. The leather samples showed (18-41%) shrinkage in all 03 samples. The results revealed that an extensive change in various physical tests, such as tensile strength, % elongation, tear strength, had been found with heat induction. The temperature and time of heat contact significantly affect the destruction of bonding in shoe upper leather after being converted into shoes.
Co-Authors Nadeem, Uzma Pervez, Mohammad Kashif Solangi, Barkat Ali Zeeshan, Mohammad Zehra, Beena