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All Journal Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR) Pharmaceutical Reports
Hassan, Yusuf
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology

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Antimicrobial Activity of Crude Fractions of Gossypium barbadense Leaves and Isolation of Stigmasterol Saddiq, Maryam; Salisu, Ahmed; Kabir, Kamaluddeen; Hassan, Yusuf
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 10, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Plants have been used in traditional medicine in different parts of the world to treat several diseases. Many studies have confirmed their medicinal values, which have led to the isolation and characterization of various potential drug candidates. This study focuses on the antimicrobial activity of crude fractions of Gossypium barbadense leaves and the isolation of active compound. The pulverized plant leave was soaked in ethanol (98% v/v), and a solvent-based fractionation was carried out using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The obtained crude fractions were screened for antimicrobial activity against four (4) clinical isolates: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. NMR and FTIR analyses of the most active fraction were carried out. The ethanol fraction showed the highest extraction yield and premier antimicrobial activity against the tested organisms. At 500 mg/mL, the fraction showed inhibition of 28.50±1.14, 26.40±1.46, 21.00±0.05 and 18.03±0.41 mm against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and C. albicans respectively. The lower Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of 12.5 mg/mL were obtained against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. NMR and FTIR analyses revealed that the isolated compound is stigmasterol, which is known to possess antimicrobial properties. However, compounds that were not isolated could have also contributed significantly to the antimicrobial activities of the fraction. Results of this study justifies the use of leaves extract of Gossypium barbadense as an antimicrobial agent.
Antiplasmodial Activity of Psidium guajava L. Leaf Fractions against Plasmodium falciparum Saidu, Ahmad; Hassan, Yusuf; Sani, Abubakar
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 5, No 1 (2026): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v5i1.402

Abstract

Malaria remains a major global health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where resistance to conventional antimalarial drugs continues to rise. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of Psidium guajavaL. leaf fractions against Plasmodium falciparum. Dried leaves were extracted using ethanol and subsequently fractionated into n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol fractions. Phytochemical screening using standard reagents revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins in all fractions, while tannins were detected only in the ethyl acetate and ethanol fractions. Antiplasmodial activity was assessed using the Giemsa staining method. All fractions demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of parasite growth, with the ethanol fraction exhibiting the highest activity, achieving 84.38% inhibition at a concentration of 10.5 mg/mL. This activity was comparable, although slightly lower, than that of the standard drug artemether/lumefantrine, which showed 95.31% inhibition. The superior activity of the ethanol fraction is likely attributed to its higher content of polar bioactive compounds, particularly flavonoids and tannins, which are known for their antiplasmodial properties. In conclusion, P. guajava leaf fractions, especially the ethanol fraction, exhibit significant antiplasmodial activity, supporting their traditional use in malaria treatment. These findings highlight the potential of P. guajava as a promising source of natural antimalarial agents and warrant further pharmacological and mechanistic studies.
Co-Authors Kabir, Kamaluddeen Saddiq, Maryam Saidu, Ahmad Salisu, Ahmed Sani, Abubakar