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Ketidakefektifan ICOC dalam Mengatasi Potensi Ancaman di Luar Angkasa Meirizal, Ade
Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional LINO Vol 2 No 2 (2022): Dinamika Politik Internasional dalam Studi Konflik dan Perdamaian Kontemporer
Publisher : Universitas Sulawesi Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31605/lino.v2i2.1502

Abstract

as collective initiation from major countries in Europe, ICoC or International Code of Conduct on Outer Space was launched in 2008. This code of conduct is expected to call the main actors in space activity with more concern about space security, cooperation, and anti-space militarization activities. However, there are many interpretations in each country and make this code of conduct not effective. In recent decades, a lot of space missions launched to LEO and GEO have produced a million debris. Moreover, security dilemmas in each actor bring them to traditional security competition. The US, China, and Russia officially reform the Space Force to strengthen their space capability. Worstly, this force is armed with high-tech space technology such as Satellite for military operations, satellite jamming and so on. This research will mention various ineffectiveness of ICoC, limited in space debris production and militarization of outer space by major actors on the global level.
Raw Material as Indonesia’s Diplomatic Power in International Trade Towards the EU Case Study: Nickel Ban Policy Meirizal, Ade; Juliana, Cindy; julia Putri, Dinda
Journal of World Trade Studies Vol 7 No 2 (2022): Journal of World Trade Studies
Publisher : Journal of World Trade Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jwts.v7i2.6582

Abstract

Based on the amendment to Law Number 3 of 2020, Indonesian authorities decided to launch a nickel ban policy on several countries, including the EU, at the beginning of 2021. Authorities claimed that the nickel ban policy can stimulate job creation at the domestic level, bring economic value and improve industry complexity in Indonesia. The EU assumes that nickel export restrictions implemented by Indonesia affect the vital industries in the EU, especially the stainless steel and battery industries. The EU took action to bring this case to the WTO Dispute Settlement Body (DSB). This paper analyzes how important raw materials can be utilized to achieve Indonesian national interest using a qualitative method, adding to the discussion of relations between power and interdependence in global trade, how power can apply in the dynamics of the Indonesian nickel ban policy, and bringing achievement in terms of Indonesia's national interest. The power game utilized by Indonesia is also analyzed in facing a major global economic power. Finally, this paper will examine raw materials (nickel matte) as a diplomatic power in the global market and how its policies bring instability to industries in the EU.
UNITED NATIONS COMMITTEE ON THE PEACEFUL USES OF OUTER SPACE (UNCOPUOS) DALAM UPAYA ANTISIPASI MILITERISASI DI LUAR ANGKASA Meirizal, Ade; Prisca Lusiani, Putu; Nurhalizah, Sarah
Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional Fajar Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): Edisi Desember
Publisher : Prodi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, Universitas Fajar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47354/jihif.v2i1.638

Abstract

This article describes the United Nations Commission on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNCOPUOS), an international form of cooperation under the auspices of the United Nations that aims to establish rules for military operations in outer space to maintain world peace. The purpose of this article is to explain how international cooperation is seen from the perspective of Neoliberalism Institutionalism, which believes in the role of institutions as mediators in the formation of cooperation between countries in the international system. Using descriptive narrative method, this article demonstrates that UNCOPUOS, established in 1959, has created various forms of international treaty law that regulate the procedures of activities in outer space and are able to prevent anarchy in outer space activities which in reality are often dominated by large countries such as US, China, Russia, Japan and the European Union. In addition, UNCOPUOS is also actively campaigning for the potential of outer space for humanitarian benefit through the Space2030 Agenda, so it is important that peace in the region should be maintained in order to not endorse the egos and interests of particular entities.
Measuring France Hegemony in the European Space Agency (ESA) Meirizal, Ade; Syahfa, Muhammad Rayhan Faqih
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 11 No 2 (2024): November 2024
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2024.11.2.12047

Abstract

Control over resources, actors, and events and outcomes are three of many approaches offered by International Relations studies in terms of measuring power. This paper highlights the crucial role of power measurement in astropolitics, based on the context of the European Union (EU). In particular, it focuses on France's hegemony in the European Space Agency (ESA) using the Hegemonic Stability Theory (HST) to observe the structural power within the ESA. To analyze this, the author uses the regime concept and the theory of hegemonic stability. The research method in this article uses qualitative methods, taking credible sources from various literature such as website articles, mass media, conference publications and scientific articles. This paper reveals that regardless of France’s domination in knowledge and funds, France is not the hegemonic power in the ESA. While an organization is normally featured with domination, this paper argues that power domination in the ESA is dynamically shared among the country members to accomplish a more collaborative rather than dominative feat. This leads to a a solid structure within the ESA and renders power-based domination irrelevant.