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All Journal Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education Journal (Birle Journal) Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx Journal) Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal (BIoEx Journal) Britain International for Linguistics, Arts and Education Journal (BIoLAE Journal) Polit Journal LingLit Journal
Belay Sitotaw Goshu
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Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Social Sciences Transportation Other

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Factors Influencing General Science Performance of Female Students in Grade 7 at Rimeti Primary School, West Harerge, Ethiopia Ashenafi Taye Negewo; Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Britain International of Linguistics Arts and Education (BIoLAE) Journal Vol 8 No 1 (2026): Britain International of Linguistics, Arts and Education - March
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/biolae.v8i1.1426

Abstract

This study explores the impact of teacher practices and classroom dynamics on the science performance of 75 Grade 7 female students at Rimeti Primary School, conducted in July 2024/25. Utilizing a two-way ANOVA on simulated test score data, the research assessed the effects of interactive versus traditional teaching methods and collaborative versus competitive classroom environments. Results revealed significant main effects for teacher practices (F (1, 96) = 30.56, p = 2.78e-07), with interactive methods yielding higher mean scores (72.15) compared to traditional methods (61.95), and classroom dynamics (F (1, 96) = 18.12, p = 4.82e-05), where collaborative settings outperformed competitive ones. The interaction effect was non-significant (F (1, 96) = 0.02, p = 0.885), indicating independent contributions. A box plot visually confirmed these trends, showing elevated medians for Interactive/Collaborative groups. These findings suggest that interactive teaching and collaborative dynamics independently enhance science achievement, with teacher practices explaining greater variance (1621.66 sums of squares) than dynamics (961.69). Limitations include the use of simulated data and a single-gender focus, restricting generalizability. The study aligns with social constructivist and cooperative learning theories, advocating for pedagogical innovation in under-resourced settings. Recommendations include teacher training in interactive methods and fostering collaborative classrooms, supported by resource allocation and further longitudinal research. This research provides a foundation for improving science education for female students in similar contexts.
Embedding SDGs in Ethiopian Higher Education: Overcoming Challenges, Seizing Opportunities, and Forging Inclusive Pathways for Digital-Era Transformative Learning Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Melaku Masresha Woldeamanueal
Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2026): Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education, May
Publisher : BIRCU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birle.v9i2.8206

Abstract

This study explores the integration of sustainability and global citizenship in Ethiopian higher education institutions (HEIs) through human-centered strategies and actionable recommendations. Across 12 institutions, including Hawasa and Jigjiga, six strategies, such as "Integrate SDG Modules" and "Adopt Green Campus Policies," yielded a mean priority score of 7.98 (SD = 0.87) and a feasibility score of 7.15 (SD = 0.94), reflecting enthusiastic yet constrained potential. Statistical analysis, including ANOVA (p = 0.018) and regression (R² = 0.46), highlights policymakers’ leadership in green policies (8.8, 8.2) and institutions’ success with sustainability clubs (8.5, 7.9), while digital tools lag (7.0, 6.0) due to infrastructure gaps. The findings reveal a resilient spirit, with strong correlations (e.g., r = 0.82) suggesting synergy in community-driven efforts, yet cultural and rural barriers persist. Conclusions emphasize tailored support to empower educators, students, and communities, fostering a sustainable, globally aware future.
Prioritizing Renewable Energy Systems in Ethiopia: A Fuzzy TOPSIS Framework Incorporating Climate Vulnerability and Grid Constraints Abel Berhanu Sitotaw; Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal Vol 8 No 2 (2026): Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal, May
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Abstract

Ethiopia derives approximately 98% of its electricity from renewable sources, predominantly hydropower. However, climate-induced droughts increasingly threaten hydropower reliability, while grid infrastructure limitations constrain variable renewable integration. Existing energy planning lacks a systematic framework to balance these competing priorities under uncertainty. Purpose: This study develops a fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) framework to prioritize five renewable energy systems large hydropower, wind, solar PV, hybrid solar-wind-battery, and geothermal for Ethiopia, explicitly incorporating climate vulnerability and grid constraints alongside technical, economic, environmental, socio-political, and risk criteria. Method: Triangular fuzzy numbers capture linguistic assessments from policy documents and stakeholder input. Fifteen sub-criteria are evaluated using fuzzy TOPSIS, with criteria weights derived from Ethiopian policy analysis emphasizing climate resilience and grid expansion. Sensitivity analyses test weight variations. Findings: Under baseline weighting (very high climate vulnerability weight), wind ranks first (closeness coefficient 0.645), followed by geothermal (0.614), hybrid (0.559), solar PV (0.506), and large hydropower (0.369). Hydropower’s low ranking results from extreme climate vulnerability, water consumption, and land use penalties. Sensitivity analysis shows hybrid systems become more competitive as grid constraint weight increases, while hydropower’s rank declines further when climate risk is emphasized. Conclusion: Incorporating climate vulnerability fundamentally reverses conventional hydropower-first prioritization. Diversification toward wind, geothermal, and hybrid-battery systems is essential for climate-resilient energy planning. Recommendation: Ethiopian policymakers should cap new large hydropower, accelerate wind and geothermal deployment, and promote hybrid storage solutions for weak-grid areas.
Pi as Cosmic Fingerprint: A Multidisciplinary Review of a Mathematical Constant in Science, Scripture, and the Argument from Design Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal Vol 8 No 2 (2026): Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal, May
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Abstract

The mathematical constant π (approximately 3.14159) appears ubiquitously across geometry, physics, probability, and cosmology. Its universality and non-arbitrariness have prompted philosophical and theological questions about whether π is a human tool, a discovered law, or evidence of design. Purpose: This multidisciplinary review integrates mathematics, physics, astronomy, biblical hermeneutics, theology, and philosophy of science to evaluate the Argument from Design using π. The review synthesizes peer-reviewed literature, scriptural analysis (1 Kings 7:23), and philosophical critiques, including theistic and naturalistic counterarguments. π's universality, logical necessity, and unreasonable effectiveness (Wigner, 1960) are compatible with theism but do not prove it. Major counterarguments include π as human abstraction (Rosen, 2012), logical necessity (Carroll, 2016), no causal connection, God of the gaps (Stenger, 2007), and multiverse hypotheses (Tegmark, 2014). π functions as a "Rorschach test" for worldviews, scientists see a tool, and theologians see a signature. The design argument is probabilistic, not deductive. Future research should integrate empirical studies on mathematical cognition and cross-cultural perceptions of constants.
Diglossia, Reproach, and Celestial Time: Indigenous Astronomy as a Framework for Understanding Ethiopian Verbal Character Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Arifulhak Aceh; Muhammad Ridwan
Britain International of Linguistics Arts and Education (BIoLAE) Journal Vol 8 No 1 (2026): Britain International of Linguistics, Arts and Education - March
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Abstract

Ethiopian diglossia (Ge‛ez/Amharic) has long been described as a functional hierarchy between liturgical and everyday language. However, this classical model does not explain why Amharic and Oromo speakers exhibit both elaborate politeness (yilugnta) and forceful direct reproach among intimates a paradox that challenges universal politeness frameworks. This study investigates how indigenous astronomical knowledge regulates the speech act of Mekdes (loyal reproach) and proposes an integrated model of Ethiopian verbal character that extends diglossia theory beyond the linguistic domain. A mixed methods ethnographic design was employed, comprising structured interviews with 250 participants (145 male, 105 female) across Addis Ababa, Adama, Debre Berhan, Dire Dawa, and Hawasa; 30 hours of naturalistic audio recorded interactions; elicitation of 50 star related proverbs; and extended participant observation during planting seasons and ritual festivals. Mekdes is a face building act characterised by raised volume, slower tempo, direct pronouns, and forward lean—features that signal belonging rather than threat. The heliacal rising of Bakkalcha (Pleiades) marks the transition from polite caution to permissible reproach. Star names (Saddu: unity; Gulshān: revelation; Gabbiya: accountability) encode moral pedagogy. Celestial diglossia a functional split between priestly and farmer level astronomical registers parallels linguistic diglossia and authorises Mekdes through distinct channels. Ethiopian verbal character is not contradictory but bidirectionally regulated by celestial time. The stars provide a moral clock that tells speakers when a relationship has ripened from stranger hood to intimacy, thereby transforming reproach from face threat into face gift. Educational curricula, intercultural training, and language policy should integrate indigenous astronomical knowledge as essential to communicative competence in Ethiopian highland communities.
Carbon, Capital, and Concepts: A Review of New Social Science Vocabularies in the Globalisation–Climate Change Debate Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal Vol 8 No 2 (2026): Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal, May
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Abstract

Climate change represents a fundamental challenge to the conceptual apparatus of the social sciences. The phenomena of global warming carbon flows that ignore borders, supply chains that span continents and vulnerabilities that are unequally distributed – cannot be adequately captured by traditional vocabularies centered on the nation‑state, international cooperation, or technical mitigation. This review article synthesises the new conceptual vocabulary that has emerged in social science scholarship since the early 2000s, focusing on concepts that explicitly reframe climate change as a problem of globalisation, power, and justice. I identify five thematic clusters: (1) spatial re‑imaginings (planetary boundaries, anthroposphere, transnational governance); (2) power and historical inequality (carbon democracy, climate colonialism, ecological unequal exchange); (3) justice beyond distribution (loss and damage, just transition, slow violence); (4) critiques of market‑based solutions (carbon offsets, green growth/degrowth); and (5) temporal and geo‑social frames (Anthropocene vs. Capitalocene). The review argues that these concepts collectively perform three critical functions: they expose the spatial asymmetries embedded in globalisation, challenge methodological nationalism, and open normative debates about climate justice and transformation. The article concludes by identifying gaps notably the under‑theorisation of climate‑finance instruments and the marginalisation of non‑Western conceptual traditions and proposes a research agenda for the next generation of critical climate social science.
Synergizing Artificial Intelligence and Multiple Intelligences in Project-Based Learning: A Meta-Analysis of Academic Achievement Outcomes Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Britain International of Linguistics Arts and Education (BIoLAE) Journal Vol 8 No 2 (2026): Britain International of Linguistics, Arts and Education - July
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Abstract

Project‑based learning (PBL) promotes deeper learning but often fails to accommodate diverse cognitive profiles. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers adaptive scaffolding, while Multiple Intelligences (MI) theory provides a differentiation framework. However, no quantitative synthesis has examined their combined effect on academic achievement. This meta‑analysis synthesizes evidence on the synergy of AI and MI within PBL and estimates the overall effect on academic achievement, together with key moderators. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we systematically searched Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Dissertations (2015–2025). Inclusion criteria were: (a) empirical studies with control/comparison groups; (b) interventions combining AI tools and MI‑based differentiation in PBL; (c) reported academic achievement data; (d) K‑16 learners. Random‑effects meta‑analysis, moderator analyses, and publication bias tests were performed. Forty‑two studies (N = 8,943) were included. The overall effect was moderate and positive (Hedges’ g = 0.48, 95% CI [0.39, 0.57], p < .001). Significant moderators were AI role (scaffolding > content generation > assessment), MI implementation method (student choice > teacher‑assigned/fixed), and education level (secondary > primary > tertiary). Subject domain did not moderate the effect. Publication bias was minimal (Egger’s p = 0.12), and sensitivity analyses confirmed robustness. AI and MI synergize effectively in PBL, yielding meaningful academic gains that exceed the isolated effects of either component. Educators should embed AI as a scaffolding tool (not an automaton) and allow students to choose MI‑aligned project roles. Policymakers should invest in AI tools with MI‑differentiation capabilities for PBL curricula.
Ethiopian Women, the Law of Safuu, and Ecofeminist Climate Justice in Genesis 2 Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Polit Journal Scientific Journal of Politics Vol 6 No 1 (2026): Polit Journal: Scientific Journal of Politics, February
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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Abstract

Mainstream eco-theological readings of Genesis 2:4–17 have emphasized “stewardship” or “dominion” without engaging African Indigenous legal systems or the concrete climate knowledge of Ethiopian women. The Oromo moral-ecological law of Safuu, a system of prohibitions against pollution, deforestation, and over-extraction remains largely absent from biblical interpretation and climate justice discourse. This article advances an Ethio-ecofeminist reading of Genesis 2:4–17, arguing that the creation narrative, interpreted through Safuu and the lived agency of Ethiopian women as seed-keepers, water fetchers, and sacred-grove guardians, yields a juridical-ecological mandate for climate justice. The study employs decolonial feminist biblical criticism and Oromo epistemology, conducting a verse-by-verse exegesis of Genesis 2:4–17 alongside ethnographic and policy analysis of Ethiopian women’s climate burdens, the Gadaa governance system, and forest carbon offset schemes. Findings: The Hebrew adam-adamah kinship resonates with Oromo Uumaa (creation as family); the prohibition of the tree of knowledge functions as a Safuu boundary protecting interdependence; and the mandate to avad and samar (to till and to keep) charges humans with sacred service and protective guardianship. Ethiopian women’s watershed councils, seed cooperatives, and liturgical forest rituals enact this mandate against extractive agriculture and carbon offset projects that displace them. Conclusion: Genesis 2, read through Safuu and Ethiopian women, replaces the “dominion” model with an indigenous, gendered framework for climate justice grounded in communal land trusts, water commons, and restorative enforcement. Policy makers should recognise women’s Idir assemblies as official water governance bodies, mandate free prior informed consent for forest carbon projects, and integrate Safuu-based dispute resolution into land administration.
Collapse and Continuity in the Kingdom of Aksum: Why the Stelae Fell but the Ark Endured Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Polit Journal Scientific Journal of Politics Vol 6 No 1 (2026): Polit Journal: Scientific Journal of Politics, February
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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Abstract

The Kingdom of Aksum (c. 1st–7th centuries CE) stands as one of ancient Africa's most sophisticated civilizations, evidenced by monumental engineering feats including granite stelae weighing up to 500 tonnes. Yet by the 8th century, the centralized state had collapsed, its trade networks disintegrated, and its capacity for large-scale construction vanished. Paradoxically, the religious institutions that emerged alongside these monuments the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and its claim to house the Ark of the Covenant survived and became the enduring foundation of Ethiopian national identity for over 1,500 years. This paper addresses a central research Why did Aksum's political and technological systems collapse catastrophically while its spiritual systems demonstrated remarkable continuity? The study synthesizes archaeological evidence from the stelae field, paleoclimatic data from Lake Tana sediment cores, textual analysis of Ezana's trilingual inscriptions and the Kebra Nagast, and art historical examination of stele carving techniques and church architecture. Political and technological systems collapsed because they were fragile, centralized, and dependent on conditions that failed prolonged drought, trade disruption following Arab conquests, and soil exhaustion. Spiritual systems endured because they were decentralized, embedded in local communities, ritually reproducible without external inputs, and organized around portable or concealable symbols, particularly the Ark of the Covenant. Aksum's state exemplified a high-complexity, low-resilience system, while its religious institutions constituted lower complexity but higher resilience. Future research should pursue three directions: excavation of post-Aksumite rural settlements to understand local adaptation; paleoethnobotanical analysis of agricultural change during the drought period; and comparative study of religious resilience in other collapsed African states, including Great Zimbabwe and the Nubian kingdoms of Makuria and Alodia.
Artificial Intelligence in Green Science Higher Education: A Systematic Review of Competence Frameworks, Pedagogical Innovations, and the Global Equity Divide Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2026): Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education, May
Publisher : BIRCU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birle.v9i2.8239

Abstract

Co-Authors Abel Berhanu Sitotaw Arifulhak Aceh Ashenafi Taye Negewo Bikila Merga Deresa Kirubel Molla Melaku Masresha Woldeamanueal Melaku Masresha Woldeamaueal Melaku Masresha Woldemariam Muhammad Ridwan Muhammad Ridwan Muhammad Ridwan Syarifuddin Yonas Tadesse Alemu