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All Journal Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education Journal (Birle Journal) Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx Journal) Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal (BIoEx Journal) Britain International for Linguistics, Arts and Education Journal (BIoLAE Journal) Polit Journal LingLit Journal
Belay Sitotaw Goshu
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Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Social Sciences Transportation Other

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Bridging the Divide: Unpacking the Perception-Practice Gap in Blended Learning Implementation among Natural Science Educators in Ethiopian Applied Universities Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2026): Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education, May
Publisher : BIRCU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birle.v9i2.8240

Abstract

Blended learning has emerged as a transformative pedagogical approach in higher education, offering potential solutions to resource constraints and enhancing educational quality. Ethiopia's higher education sector has witnessed significant policy developments, including the e-Learning for Strengthening Higher Education (e-SHE) program and the National e-Learning Policy, aimed at integrating blended learning across all public universities. However, despite policy support and positive educator perceptions, implementation remains inconsistent, revealing a perception-practice gap that is poorly understood, particularly in natural science education within applied universities. This study examined the perception-practice gap in blended learning implementation among natural science educators in Ethiopian applied universities, investigating educators' perceptions, current practices, contributing factors to the gap, and strategies for bridging it. A convergent mixed-methods design was employed, integrating quantitative survey data from 387 natural science educators across four Ethiopian applied universities and qualitative data from 48 semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke's six-phase framework. Findings revealed a substantial perception-practice gap, with educators holding strongly positive perceptions of blended learning (perception means ranging from 3.91 to 4.21) yet actual practices remaining restricted to basic functions such as material sharing and communication (practice means ranging from 1.76 to 3.87). The largest gap was observed in laboratory instruction (mean difference = 1.79, d = 1.56). Multiple barriers contributed to this gap: infrastructural (unreliable internet connectivity, M = 4.56), institutional (insufficient training, M = 4.45), pedagogical (weak conceptual clarity, M = 4.02), and individual (workload concerns, M = 4.15). The applied university context presented both unique challenges and opportunities for blended learning implementation. The perception-practice gap is a systemic phenomenon requiring coordinated intervention across policy, institutional, and individual levels. Bridging this gap requires prioritization of infrastructural investment, sustained professional development, policy implementation, and institutional support mechanisms. Recommendations include accelerating infrastructural investment, strengthening policy enforcement, developing incentive structures, establishing quality assurance frameworks, prioritizing blended learning institutionalization, creating communities of practice, and conducting longitudinal and intervention studies to track implementation and evaluate effectiveness.
Fractional-Order Analysis of Malaria Dynamics in Dire Dawa City: A Laplace an Adomian Decomposition Approach Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 8, No 2 (2026): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, April
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v8i2.8169

Abstract

Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in Dire Dawa City, Ethiopia, exacerbated by seasonal rainfall that drives mosquito populations and transmission. Fractional-order models offer a promising approach to capturing memory effects in epidemiological dynamics, improving predictive accuracy for intervention planning. This study aimed to formulate a fractional-order model capturing malaria transmission dynamics in Dire Dawa, solve it using numerical and analytical methods, analyze the impact of key parameters, evaluate existing interventions, and propose optimized control measures. A fractional-order SIR model ( = 0.95) was developed using the Grünwald-Letnikov method for numerical solutions and the Laplace Adomian Decomposition Method (LADM) for analytical validation, simulating dynamics over 365 days. Parameters like transmission rates (), (), and recovery rate () were varied to assess their impact, and interventions (bed nets, treatment) were evaluated with optimized timing. The model accurately captured malaria dynamics, with peak prevalence reaching 200,000 under baseline conditions, reduced by 20% with bed nets, 15% with treatment, and 40% with an optimized combined strategy starting at day 60. Transmission rates significantly influenced prevalence, with a 53% increase in peak infections for a 40% rise in (). Fractional-order modeling effectively informs malaria control in Dire Dawa, highlighting the importance of early, combined interventions. Deploy bed nets and enhance treatment access by day 60 with 80–90% coverage to minimize prevalence.
Probing Low-Energy Dynamics in Quantum Quasicrystals: A New Elastic Framework Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 8, No 2 (2026): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, April
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v8i2.8171

Abstract

Quantum quasicrystals, characterized by aperiodic order, exhibit unique low-energy excitations such as phononic, phasonic, and hybridized modes, making them a focal point for studying symmetry-driven dynamics in ultracold atomic systems. Understanding these excitations and phase transitions is crucial for advancing quantum simulation technologies. This study investigates the role of quasicrystal symmetry (octagonal, decagonal, and dodecagonal) in determining anisotropic excitation behaviors and phase stability, validating theoretical predictions through simulated ultracold atom experiments. Using the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and Bogoliubov-de Gennes linearization, we simulated Bose-Einstein condensates in quasiperiodic potentials, varying potential depth V0 from 0.5 to 4.0 arbitrary units. Excitation spectra were computed to assess anisotropy, and minimum frequencies at k=0 were analyzed to identify phase boundaries. Simulations were conducted using Python with NumPy, SciPy, and Matplotlib, visualizing dispersion relations and phase diagrams. Octagonal quasicrystals displayed anisotropic excitation spectra (frequencies 1.368–1.464), reflecting mode hybridization, while decagonal (1.413–1.453) and dodecagonal (1.696–1.736) systems showed more isotropic behaviors. Phase boundary analysis revealed persistent gaps (octagonal: 1.0–5.0, decagonal: 1.5–6.0, dodecagonal: 2.0–7.0), indicating no quasicrystal phase within the simulated V0 range, likely transitioning to superfluid or disordered states. Quasicrystal symmetry significantly influences excitation anisotropy and phase stability, with higher symmetries (dodecagonal) exhibiting larger gaps and reduced quasicrystal stability. Future studies should explore lower V0 ranges and incorporate temperature effects to locate the quasicrystal phase, enhancing experimental validation.
Tunneling Through Barriers: A Quantum Leap Frog Framework for Conflict Transformation in Israel-Gaza Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 8, No 2 (2026): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, April
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v8i2.8153

Abstract

This study synthesizes quantum analogies superposition, entanglement, and tunneling—into the Quantum Leap Frog (QLF) Framework for modeling and resolving intractable social conflicts, with empirical application to the Israel-Gaza crisis as of October 2025. Drawing from quantum cognition, game theory, and social dynamics literature, the framework maps conflict landscapes as multi-well potentials, identifying trapped states like violent escalation minima (depth -0.6) and negotiation deadlocks (stability 0.87). Evaluations reveal QLF's advantages in non-linear strategy (0.9 score) and parallel interventions (0.85), outperforming classical diplomacy (0.4 efficacy) by 52% in simulations. Barrier analyses highlight ideological heights (0.9) and security dilemmas (0.8), with tunneling probabilities averaging 0.475 under current K=1.0, scalable to 0.68 via third-party boosts. Phased strategies, stabilization (0.8 efficacies), transformation (0.7), institutionalization (0.9 forecast 60% resolution by 2030, reducing recurrence 75% versus baselines. Ethical compliance averages 0.78, emphasizing human dignity (0.85). Trap networks entangle psychological (0.8) and historical (0.7) factors, explaining 85% non-separable actions. Overall, QLF heralds a paradigm shift, bridging physical-social ontologies for holistic peacebuilding amid 2025 quantum year advancements.
Determinants of Health in Abrahamic Scriptures: A Comparative Thematic Analysis of the Quran, Bible, and Torah Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
LingLit Journal Scientific Journal for Linguistics and Literature Vol 6 No 4 (2025): Linglit Journal: Scientific Journal of Linguistics and Literature, December
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Mainstream models of health determinants, including the Dahlgren Whitehead rainbow model and WHO frameworks, overlook spiritual and religious factors despite growing evidence of their influence on health outcomes. Abrahamic scriptures the Quran, Bible, and Torah contain extensive guidance on health, yet no systematic comparative analysis has mapped their determinants. This study aimed to identify, categorise, and compare health determinants articulated in the Quran, Bible, and Torah, and to integrate findings into contemporary public health discourse. A comparative qualitative thematic analysis was conducted. Deductive codes were derived from existing determinant models; inductive codes emerged from scriptural analysis. Texts included the Quran (Arabic with Saheeh International translation), the Bible (NIV/NRSV), and the Torah (Jewish Publication Society translation). Rigour was ensured through audit trails, peer debriefing, and negative case analysis. Four determinant categories were identified: metaphysical (divine will, sin, spiritual forces, prayer), behavioural (diet, hygiene, rest, sexual ethics, intoxicants), social (charity, community responsibility, justice, governance), and psychological (faith, gratitude, repentance). All three scriptures affirm metaphysical determinants. Behavioural determinants are strongest in the Quran and Torah; social determinants are strongest in the Bible; psychological determinants are strong in the Quran and Bible, moderate in the Torah. Conclusion: Abrahamic scriptures present a holistic model in which the divine human relationship is the primary health determinant, extending beyond secular frameworks. Public health practice should integrate spiritual determinants through culturally competent promotion, faith based interventions, and clinical spiritual assessment. Future research should quantify scriptural determinants and extend analysis to other religious traditions.
Artificial Intelligence in Ethiopian Higher Education: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends, Systemic Adoption Barriers, and Policy-Infrastructure Disconnects Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal Vol 9, No 3 (2026): Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education, August
Publisher : BIRCU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birle.v9i3.8246

Abstract

The rapid ascent of artificial intelligence is having a profound impact on higher education worldwide. However, the adoption of this technology in Sub-Saharan Africa is conspicuously absent from research scholarship. Ethiopia’s recent implementation of its National Artificial Intelligence Policy (2024) as part of the “Digital Ethiopia 2025” policy makes AI an axis of national development.  However, this ambition is paradoxically contrasted with Ethiopia's position as one of the countries with the lowest levels of AI readiness globally, creating a mismatch between the boldness of national vision and infrastructural frailty. Aim: This paper systematically investigates the trends in AI research and systemic barriers to the uptake of AI within Ethiopian higher education, as well as the disjuncture between the National Artificial Intelligence Policy and actual institutional practices, using a mixed-methods bibliometric and thematic analysis. Methods: We employed mixed-methods bibliometric-synthesis design consisting of quantitative bibliometric analysis of academic publications indexed in Scopus and Web of Science between 2000 and 2026, combined with qualitative analysis of full-text articles and relevant policy documents. VOSviewer and Biblioshiny were used for bibliometric mapping of the network of authors, keywords, and citation analyses. Inductive thematic coding was applied to identify system barriers across four infrastructure, pedagogy, language, and human capacity. Results analysis reveals that Ethiopian AI scholarly output has sharply increased after 2023, indicating a nascent scholarship emerging rather than an integrated approach to systemic adoption. Using the UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) framework, we show an ‘adoption paradox’: the performance expectancy construct remains relatively high, but the enabling conditions, such as unreliable electricity infrastructure, limited network connectivity, high cost of computer hardware, and lack of adequate teacher training facilities, remain critically weak.
Unraveling the Crisis in Ethiopian Education: Challenges and Pathways to Sustainable Reform Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal Vol 8, No 4 (2025): Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education, Novemb
Publisher : BIRCU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birle.v8i4.8152

Abstract

As the dawn breaks over Ethiopia on this crisp the nation’s education system, spanning the tender steps of elementary learning to the ambitious heights of higher education, stands at a poignant juncture, battered yet hopeful. This study tenderly weaves together insights from a simulated survey of 2,130 students across 12 regions, delving into the heartaches of inadequate teacher training, misguided language policies, and the quiet disengagement of communities, while nurturing equitable pathways forward. The findings resonate with human struggle and resilience: a mere 1% of English teachers soared above the 50% passing mark in 2024, a stark contrast to the 66.4% success in other subjects, revealing the training crisis that dims young minds (Ethiopian Ministry of Education, 2025). Yet, glimmers of hope emerge, community efforts yield a 34.3% enrollment boost in Oromiya and a valiant 22.9% in conflict-scarred Tigray, with a robust correlation (r = 0.87, p < 0.001) between local adoption and impact. Mother tongue instruction whispers promise, potentially lifting pass rates by 15-20% against the 96% exam failure under English policies (UNICEF, 2016). Statistical voices, through ANOVA (F = 18.9, p < 0.001) and t-tests (t = 3.45, p = 0.01), affirm regional and policy disparities. Girls in rural havens like Afar face steeper dropouts, yet community partnerships offer a 5-10% equity lift. Discussions call for tailored healing, rebuilding Amhara’s and Tigrain’s schools, igniting digital hubs in Addis Ababa, implying a 20% GDP investment to train 50,000 teachers and seed 500 community hubs yearly. Recommendations embrace mental health care, tech partnerships, and local boards, aiming to halve learning poverty by 2030. This study, with empathy at its core, charts a compassionate course to rekindle Ethiopia’s educational spirit.
The Triple Mission in Practice: Education, Innovation, and Community Engagement in Ethiopia's Emerging Universities of Applied Sciences Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal Vol 9, No 3 (2026): Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education, August
Publisher : BIRCU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birle.v9i3.8250

Abstract

Interpersonal Soft Skills of University Teachers: Impact on Undergraduate Student Engagement and Academic Achievement Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal Vol 9, No 3 (2026): Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education, August
Publisher : BIRCU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birle.v9i3.8251

Abstract

Revitalizing Science Education in Ethiopia: Analyzing the Causes and Solutions for Declining Enrollment in Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal Vol 8, No 3 (2025): Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education, August
Publisher : BIRCU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birle.v8i3.8150

Abstract

The decline in enrollment and performance in natural science disciplines (physics, chemistry, and mathematics) within Ethiopian public universities is linked to significant motivational challenges among instructors. This study aims to identify the underlying factors contributing to these challenges, focusing on political barriers, delayed rank promotions, and the absence of financial incentives. A mixed-method approach was used, incorporating survey data from 150 instructors and 30 university administrators, alongside document analysis of institutional policies. The survey revealed that 72% of respondents identified delayed promotions as a major demotivating factor, while 65% reported the absence of incentives as a critical issue. Statistical analysis indicated a strong negative correlation (r = -0.78, p < 0.05) between instructor motivation and the perceived impact of political barriers on professional growth. Administrators acknowledged these challenges but cited systemic issues such as limited funding and political constraints. The findings highlight that insufficient motivation among instructors affects student learning outcomes and engagement with science subjects. The study concludes with recommendations for establishing transparent promotion systems, introducing financial incentives, and increasing government investment in higher education. Implementing these measures would enhance faculty motivation, support innovative teaching and research, and ultimately improve student interest and performance in the natural sciences.
Co-Authors Abel Berhanu Sitotaw Arifulhak Aceh Ashenafi Taye Negewo Bikila Merga Deresa Kirubel Molla Melaku Masresha Woldeamanueal Melaku Masresha Woldeamaueal Melaku Masresha Woldemariam Muhammad Ridwan Muhammad Ridwan Muhammad Ridwan Syarifuddin Yonas Tadesse Alemu