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All Journal Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education Journal (Birle Journal) Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal (BIoEx Journal) Britain International for Linguistics, Arts and Education Journal (BIoLAE Journal)
Belay Sitotaw Goshu
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Religion Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Social Sciences Other

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Prioritizing Renewable Energy Systems in Ethiopia: A Fuzzy TOPSIS Framework Incorporating Climate Vulnerability and Grid Constraints Abel Berhanu Sitotaw; Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal Vol 8 No 2 (2026): Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal, May
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Ethiopia derives approximately 98% of its electricity from renewable sources, predominantly hydropower. However, climate-induced droughts increasingly threaten hydropower reliability, while grid infrastructure limitations constrain variable renewable integration. Existing energy planning lacks a systematic framework to balance these competing priorities under uncertainty. Purpose: This study develops a fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) framework to prioritize five renewable energy systems large hydropower, wind, solar PV, hybrid solar-wind-battery, and geothermal for Ethiopia, explicitly incorporating climate vulnerability and grid constraints alongside technical, economic, environmental, socio-political, and risk criteria. Method: Triangular fuzzy numbers capture linguistic assessments from policy documents and stakeholder input. Fifteen sub-criteria are evaluated using fuzzy TOPSIS, with criteria weights derived from Ethiopian policy analysis emphasizing climate resilience and grid expansion. Sensitivity analyses test weight variations. Findings: Under baseline weighting (very high climate vulnerability weight), wind ranks first (closeness coefficient 0.645), followed by geothermal (0.614), hybrid (0.559), solar PV (0.506), and large hydropower (0.369). Hydropower’s low ranking results from extreme climate vulnerability, water consumption, and land use penalties. Sensitivity analysis shows hybrid systems become more competitive as grid constraint weight increases, while hydropower’s rank declines further when climate risk is emphasized. Conclusion: Incorporating climate vulnerability fundamentally reverses conventional hydropower-first prioritization. Diversification toward wind, geothermal, and hybrid-battery systems is essential for climate-resilient energy planning. Recommendation: Ethiopian policymakers should cap new large hydropower, accelerate wind and geothermal deployment, and promote hybrid storage solutions for weak-grid areas.
Pi as Cosmic Fingerprint: A Multidisciplinary Review of a Mathematical Constant in Science, Scripture, and the Argument from Design Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal Vol 8 No 2 (2026): Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal, May
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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The mathematical constant π (approximately 3.14159) appears ubiquitously across geometry, physics, probability, and cosmology. Its universality and non-arbitrariness have prompted philosophical and theological questions about whether π is a human tool, a discovered law, or evidence of design. Purpose: This multidisciplinary review integrates mathematics, physics, astronomy, biblical hermeneutics, theology, and philosophy of science to evaluate the Argument from Design using π. The review synthesizes peer-reviewed literature, scriptural analysis (1 Kings 7:23), and philosophical critiques, including theistic and naturalistic counterarguments. π's universality, logical necessity, and unreasonable effectiveness (Wigner, 1960) are compatible with theism but do not prove it. Major counterarguments include π as human abstraction (Rosen, 2012), logical necessity (Carroll, 2016), no causal connection, God of the gaps (Stenger, 2007), and multiverse hypotheses (Tegmark, 2014). π functions as a "Rorschach test" for worldviews, scientists see a tool, and theologians see a signature. The design argument is probabilistic, not deductive. Future research should integrate empirical studies on mathematical cognition and cross-cultural perceptions of constants.
Co-Authors Abel Berhanu Sitotaw Ashenafi Taye Negewo Bikila Merga Deresa Kirubel Molla M. Yoserizal Saragih Melaku Masresha Woldeamanueal Melaku Masresha Woldemariam Muhammad Ridwan Muhammad Ridwan Syarifuddin Yonas Tadesse Alemu