Loba, Klementius Anselmus
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Trilogi Kekerasan dalam Perjanjian Lama: Membongkar Pemahaman Umat Beriman tentang Kekerasan Manusia, Kekerasan Ilahi, dan Kekerasan Doa Loba, Klementius Anselmus; Nainggolan, Silvana Natalia; Gale, Stefanus; Tanureja, Indra
KAMASEAN: Jurnal Teologi Kristen Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): December
Publisher : Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Toraja

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34307/kamasean.v4i2.253

Abstract

Religion and violence have long been linked. In Christianity, the presence of violent texts in the Bible, especially in the Old Testament, further exacerbates this situation. The Old Testament texts include three types of violence: human violence against humans, violence perpetrated by God, and human appeals to God for violence. This legacy of biblical violence creates theological and ethical challenges for those who seek spiritual and ethical guidance from the Bible. This paper aims to examine the responses or views of the faithful, who have no formal education in the Bible, towards violent texts in the Old Testament. The research method used is qualitative, with a field study and a literature study approach. Interviews were conducted with informants to explore their understanding of the biblical texts of violence, and the findings will be confronted with expert explanations through a literature study. The resource persons in this study are parishioners of St. Agata-Parish of Maria Assumpta Pakem, Yogyakarta, with various educational backgrounds. The results of this study attempt to present theological and ethical ways of understanding violent texts so that the faithful can gain a more balanced and contextual understanding of these texts. By exploring people's understanding of violent texts in the Old Testament, this research contributes to understanding the complexities and challenges faced by the faithful in reading and understanding the Bible.
Reconsider the Meaning of Scapegoat Ritual in Leviticus 16:20-22 Loba, Klementius Anselmus; Aryanto, Antonius Galih Arga Wiwin; Tanureja, Vincentius Indra Sanjaya
DUNAMIS: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani Vol 10, No 1 (2025): Oktober 2025 (In Progress)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Intheos Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30648/dun.v10i1.1548

Abstract

The scapegoating ritual in Leviticus 16 is central to ancient Jewish religion as part of the Yom Kippur celebration. The sacrifice of a scapegoat thrown into the desert is a unique ritual because it only appears in Leviticus 16 of the entire biblical text, and the only story that uses an animal to take away all the sins of the Israelites. The issue that will be discussed in this study is to find the origins and meaning of this ritual. From the historical criticism interpretation approach to the text of Leviticus 16:20-22, it can be concluded that the meaning of this ritual can be used as a warning (threat) for the Israelites, in which expulsion/exile is a real possibility if they live in sin, and also as a means (ceremony) to reconcile God and man.