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Legal Regime of Genetically Modified Food: Developing Country in The Context Rahi, Saida Talukder; Sagor, Anwar Hossan
Lex Publica Vol. 9 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : APPTHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58829/lp.9.2.2022.67-87

Abstract

Multiple challenges of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) have led different countries to adopt quite different approaches for GM foods and crops. Among Developing Countries, In Bangladesh, commercial cultivation of GM crops is poised to receive approval, but the country faces constraints in reducing risks associated with the release and handling of GMOs. The primary goal of this study is to examine the various laws, policies, and regulations that Bangladesh has to regulate issues related to GM foods and to determine how current laws are applied to assess and manage risks associated with the introduction of GM crops. An analytical and qualitative approach was applied in this regard. In general, the concepts of intellectual property rights, trade, food safety, labeling, and public policy are relevant to GMOs. It is found that there are currently no laws enacted particularly to address the biosafety of GM crops and foods. Only the Biosafety Guidelines, a non-binding document, cover issues related to GMOs, but there is no effective enforcement. Apart from this, the Intellectual Property Rights Law does not comply with the requirements of TRIPS to address the environmental release of GMOs. Sanitary and phytosanitary regulation is very weak in enforcement. Additionally, the food safety law, labeling regulations, and risk assessment guidelines, principles of international environmental laws are not in application. This paper concluded that no comprehensive legal framework for dealing with biosafety-related issues exists. It recommends that Bangladesh should adopt a comprehensive law and policy governing biosafety. Abstrak Berbagai tantangan dari Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) telah menyebabkan berbagai negara mengadopsi pendekatan yang sangat berbeda untuk makanan dan tanaman GM. Di antara Negara Berkembang, Di Bangladesh, pembudidayaan tanaman GM secara komersial siap untuk menerima persetujuan, tetapi negara tersebut menghadapi kendala untuk mengurangi risiko yang terkait dengan pelepasan dan penanganan GMO. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji berbagai undang-undang, kebijakan, dan peraturan yang dimiliki Bangladesh untuk mengatur masalah yang berkaitan dengan makanan GM dan untuk menentukan bagaimana undang-undang saat ini diterapkan untuk menilai dan mengelola risiko yang terkait dengan pengenalan tanaman GM. Pendekatan analitis dan kualitatif diterapkan dalam hal ini. Secara umum, konsep hak kekayaan intelektual, perdagangan, keamanan pangan, pelabelan, dan kebijakan publik relevan dengan transgenik. Ditemukan bahwa saat ini tidak ada undang-undang yang diberlakukan secara khusus untuk mengatasi keamanan hayati tanaman dan makanan GM. Hanya Pedoman Keamanan Hayati, sebuah dokumen yang tidak mengikat, yang mencakup isu-isu terkait GMO, tetapi tidak ada penegakan yang efektif. Selain itu, Undang-Undang Hak Kekayaan Intelektual tidak memenuhi persyaratan TRIPS untuk mengatasi pelepasan transgenik ke lingkungan. Regulasi sanitasi dan fitosanitari sangat lemah dalam penegakannya. Selain itu, undang-undang keamanan pangan, peraturan pelabelan, dan pedoman penilaian risiko, prinsip-prinsip hukum lingkungan internasional tidak diterapkan. Makalah ini menyimpulkan bahwa tidak ada kerangka hukum yang komprehensif untuk menangani masalah terkait keamanan hayati. Ini merekomendasikan bahwa Bangladesh harus mengadopsi undang-undang dan kebijakan komprehensif yang mengatur keamanan hayati Kata kunci: GMO, Keamanan Hayati, CBD, Lingkungan, Penilaian risiko
Evolving Threats, Evolving Laws: Balancing Rights and Security in Indonesia's Terror Law and Counterterrorism Strategy Hasibuan, Hoiruddin; Handoko, Waluyo; Sagor, Anwar Hossan
Law Development Journal Vol 4, No 4 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ldj.4.4.596-610

Abstract

This research examines the legal approach to terrorism in Indonesia, focusing on the regulatory framework established by Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1 and No. 2 of 2002, later amended into Law No. 15 of 2003. The background of the study involves a series of terrorism events, such as the Bali bombings in October 2002, prompting the government to respond with significant legal changes. The aim of this research is to analyze the impact and effectiveness of legal changes in addressing terrorism, considering both preventive and repressive aspects. The research method involves analyzing legal texts and related documents, utilizing a descriptive approach to understand the implementation of these laws. The problem formulations include evaluating the concepts of counter-radicalization and deradicalization as preventive strategies, as well as examining the sustainability of law enforcement efforts and terrorism financing. The research findings indicate that existing laws reflect the government's responsibility to protect citizens and secure the territory from cross-border terrorist threats. However, there are criticisms of the universal definition of terrorism and substantial weaknesses in the Terrorism Law, including aspects of criminal procedural law and human rights. In conclusion, there is a need for improvements in positive law, including the possibility of amending the Terrorism Law to ensure an effective response to evolving and complex terrorism threats.