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Yani Zdravkov
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

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Retinal Detachment Following Vaccination against COVID-19: A Narrative Literature Review Markov, Gueorgui; Yani Zdravkov; Oscar, Alexander
Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology
Publisher : Department of Opthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/sjo.v6i2.108

Abstract

Retinal detachment (RD) refers to the anatomical separation of the neurosensory retina from the Retinal pigment epithelium, which, if untreated, ultimately leads to a loss of visual function and blindness. Three main types are recognised based on the pathogenesis: rhegmatogenous, associated with retinal tears/holes; tractional, where there is pulling on the retina from preretinal and/or vitreal fibrotic changes; and exudative or serous, in which the subretinal fluid is due to transudation, exudation, or impaired outer blood-retina barrier. The infection with SARS-CoV-2 has not been directly associated with any type of RD, except in cases of secondary infections or autoimmune conditions. Serous retinal detachment has very rarely been observed following the application of various vaccines against COVID-19, but only in the setting of central serous chorioretinopathy and uveitis. The single case of purported rhegmatogenous detachment has a highly improbable connection with the vaccination. All in all, the described complications have been extremely uncommon, more frequently treatable or self-resolving, and should not discourage COVID-19 vaccination.
Helicobacter pylori and Uveitis: A Brief Narrative Literature Review Markov, Gueorgui; Yani Zdravkov; Oscar, Alexander
Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology
Publisher : Department of Opthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/sjo.v6i2.109

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium that typically infects the mucosa of the stomach. H. pylori is the most frequent causative infectious agent of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. It has also been associated with a number of extra-gastric diseases-neurological, ocular, hematologic, cardiovascular, rheumatologic, metabolic, and allergic. The possible role of H. pylori in the pathogenesis of uveitis is still unclear. High H. pylori seroprevalence has been found in some studies in patients with other ocular diseases like blepharitis, central serous chorioretinopathy, ocular adnexal lymphoma, and glaucoma. Its seroprevalence in uveitis has been investigated in very few studies. In all of them, however, it was increased. Antibodies have also been found in the anterior chamber of patients with anterior uveitis. Besides, seropositivity was also increased in studies with hypertensive uveitis. Eradication of the bacterium has anecdotally led to the subsidence of anterior uveitis in one patient. In any case, a causal relationship, either infectious or autoimmune, cannot be made at this time due to the scarcity of available research on the problem.
Traumatic Macular Hole and Uveitis: A Case Report Markov, Gueorgui; Mesut Emin; Yani Zdravkov; Alexander Oscar
Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology
Publisher : Department of Opthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/sjo.v6i2.110

Abstract

Introduction: Blunt ocular trauma may be associated with a variety of complications, including traumatic macular holes (TMH) and uveitis. Concerning the TMH, there is no standard treatment protocol. There have been reports of spontaneous closure and of the use of certain medications and surgical techniques. Our purpose is to present a case of bilateral blunt ocular trauma with TMH in the right (OD) and uveitis in the left eye (OS) in a 24-year-old Caucasian man. Case presentation: The patient had complaints of decreased vision in OD and redness and discomfort in OS. Three days previously, he had sustained trauma to both eyes with an exercise resistance band. The diagnosis was made with a thorough ophthalmic exam and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of OD was 20/40 and of OS – 20/20. The intraocular pressure was within normal limits. There was a TMH in OD and iridocyclitis in OS. The therapy included prednisolone with an initial dose of 60 mg q.d. PO, a lutein/zeaxanthin supplement, and additional topical treatment for OS – dexamethasone and cyclopentolate. The TMH in OD had improved significantly within 6 days. BCVA of OD recovered to 20/20 in a month. Conclusion: We observed closure of the TMH with complete recovery of vision in the affected eye, most likely spontaneous, and with full resolution of the uveitis in the other, in the setting of short-term prednisolone therapy. The uveitis in OS was also treated with topical dexamethasone and cyclopentolate.
Pars Plana Vitrectomy in Tuberculous Endophthalmitis: A Case Report Markov, Gueorgui; Nikolina Andonova; Yani Zdravkov; Alexander Oscar
Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology
Publisher : Department of Opthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/sjo.v6i2.111

Abstract

Introduction: Ocular tuberculosis (TB) is an extrapulmonary mycobacterial disease with varied manifestations. Endophthalmitis is a severe manifestation with a rapid progression that may lead to intraocular tissue destruction and panophthalmitis. This study aimed to report a case of tuberculous endophthalmitis treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Case presentation: A 57-year-old male patient with TB endophthalmitis. The follow-up period was 6 months. The diagnosis was made on a clinical basis, and the specific etiology was confirmed by TST and IGRA tests. The diagnosis of ocular TB was delayed by one year. He had bilateral endophthalmitis with severe inflammation. The right eye (OD) was blind, and the left (OS) had best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of hand motion. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was elevated in both eyes. B-scan disclosed hyperreflective exudate, filling 1/3 of the vitreous cavity in OD, and vitritis and intravitreal hemorrhage in OS. We commenced triple antitubercular therapy. 23G PPV with silicone oil and phacoemulsification with IOL implantation were done. The intraocular inflammation in OS decreased postsurgically, and in one month, BCVA was 20/200 and IOP was within normal limits. Conclusion: Eendophthalmitis is an indication for therapeutic vitrectomy. The risks of surgery seem to be lower than the benefits, including a decent chance for visual improvement and avoidance of enucleation. In our case, 23G PPV with phacoemulsification seemed to be beneficial in decreasing the level of inflammation, improvement of visual acuity, reduction of IOP, and preservation of the eye.
Co-Authors Alexander Oscar Markov, Gueorgui Mesut Emin Nikolina Andonova Oscar, Alexander