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THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND ROASTING TIME ON CHANGES IN THE CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLOK ARABIKA COFFEE BEANS K, Arwizet.; Leni, Desmarita; Peng, Lim Hooi; Sumiati, Ruzita; Kusuma, Yuda Perdana
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Literature Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024): INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND LITERATURE
Publisher : Yayasan Education and Social Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53067/ijomral.v3i1.202

Abstract

High-temperature coffee roasting is a key initiator of the degradation of complex compounds in coffee beans, ultimately producing the desired taste and aroma for coffee enthusiasts. The aim of this research is to explore the influence of temperature and roasting duration on the changes in the mechanical properties of coffee beans using the conduction heat method. In this study, 500 grams of dried Arabica coffee with an initial moisture content of 12% were placed in a roasting apparatus equipped with a roasting machine. The heat source used was a gas stove, where the surface temperature of the roasting chamber was kept constant through a thermocouple temperature measuring device. The roasting process was carried out for 15 minutes at surface temperatures of 160°C, 180°C, 200°C, and 220°C, respectively. The final moisture content for each surface temperature was 3.72%, 3.65%, 2.13%, and 1.81%. Identification of the degree of roasting was conducted through the evaluation of the physical properties of coffee beans, including color, weight loss, moisture content, texture, and bean density. The decrease in hardness and density could be modeled using kinetic equations, while the color change was indicated by a decrease in the L, a, and b values. The research results confirm that roasting temperature significantly impacts the changes in the mechanical properties of coffee beans. The minimum temperature required to achieve satisfactory roasting levels is 180°C, while roasting at 200°C for 15 minutes produces coffee beans with optimal roasting levels. These findings provide new insights into optimizing the coffee roasting process to achieve the desired quality of coffee beans
IMPLEMENTATION OF NANJING SWANSOFT-BASED CNC MILLING SIMULATION IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMSB BRAND GRAVIS PRODUCT Leni, Desmarita; Muchlisinalahuddin, Muchlisinalahuddin; Usni, Eka Nur; Peng, Lim Hooi; Fadel, Habib Putra
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Literature Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND LITERATURE
Publisher : Yayasan Education and Social Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53067/ijomral.v5i2.423

Abstract

Development of engraved products featuring institutional identity at Mechanical Engineering Department, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Barat offers promotional opportunities and commercialization potential. Manufacturing plaques, keychains, and name tags through CNC Milling technology demands precision in design formulation, toolpath optimization, and determination of cutting parameters that align with material properties. This research implements Nanjing Swansoft-based CNC Milling simulation for producing UMSB-branded gravis products, analyzing toolpath prediction accuracy, machining duration, and evaluating contributions toward production efficiency. The study applies descriptive-analytical approach with case study method conducted at Faculty of Engineering during November 2025 to January 2026. Research stages encompass comprehensive literature review on CNC milling technology and parameter optimization, two-dimensional and three-dimensional design creation using SolidWorks software for aluminum material sized 240×60×40 mm, G-code programming employing single tool strategy with Ø10mm end mill designated as T01, configuration of FANUC 0i-M controller with G54 work coordinate system, and execution of four machining phases: facing, roughing, semi-finishing, and finishing operations targeting 20 mm engraving depth. Dimensional validation demonstrates accuracy within ±0.1 mm tolerance on critical dimensions with maximum deviation of ±1.5% in engraving zones, maintaining compliance with manufacturing tolerance limits for institutional souvenir applications. Actual simulation cycle time recorded 68 minutes 50 seconds with deviation below 5% from initial programming calculations. Cutting force monitoring revealed optimal range between 90-140 N without collision detection warnings. Surface quality assessment indicates superior finishing profiles with uniform stepover ridge formation and sharp edge definition on UMSB typography elements without excessive burr formation. Integration of CAD-CAM systems through simulation validates feasibility of CNC instructions for actual machine implementation, confirming Nanjing Swansoft simulator effectiveness as cost-efficient tool for programming verification and material waste reduction supporting manufacturing digitalization within Industry 4.0 framework.