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All Journal Al-Adyan: Jurnal Studi Lintas Agama MUKADIMAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sejarah, dan Ilmu-ilmu Sosial Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Undergraduate Conference Proceeding Jisiera: The Journal of Islamic Studies and International Relations
Mulia, Jalaluddin Rizqi
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Cyberwarfare: A Constructivist Analysis Towards the United States-China Cyberwar Mulia, Jalaluddin Rizqi
Proceedings of Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Graduate Conference Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): Crafting Innovation for Global Benefit
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/umygrace.v3i1.539

Abstract

Cyberspace is a discussion not merely related to technological advancements, but also penetrates the socio-political realm. Cyber issues are now starting to overwhelm security isue with the spread of cyberattacks. Although only happening in cyberspace, the impact resulting from the action can be fatal for major infrastructures in the real world, icluding data management, public private information, and the state security system. This is what happened between the United State (US) and China. Beforehand, the US and China had an agreement in cyberspace issues to develop international norms. Nonetheless, this step was not significant given the reluctance of both parties to implement the points of agreement as they were not in line with the national interest. In addition, the two countries often accuse each other of cyberrattacks occurring in their respective territories. As the world's two strong cyber powers, the process of cyberwar becomes urgent to be analyzed through the constructivism concept, as it takes identity understanding into account. By utilizing descriptive qualitative approach through literature study, this research aims to understand the cyberspace situation between the US and China and to analyze the ongoing process of the US-China cyberwar from a constructivism perspective. Social construction plays an important role as it shapes perceptions of other actors. With China, it is difficult for the US to form sustainable cooperation given the fluctuating dynamics of the relationship between the two. Until the end, it is currently difficult to find similarities that would reduce the tension of political conflict.
Australia–Indonesia Economic Relations Under IA-CEPA: Between Proximity and Distance Fathana, Hangga; Mulia, Jalaluddin Rizqi
MUKADIMAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sejarah, dan Ilmu-ilmu Sosial Vol 9, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Prodi Pendidikan Sejarah Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Islam Sumatera

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/mkd.v9i2.12016

Abstract

This article examines the extent to which the Indonesia–Australia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IA-CEPA) has contributed to strengthening bilateral relations. It argues that despite geographic proximity, trade ties remain weak and IA-CEPA alone is unlikely to generate long-term mutual benefits. Employing an interpretivist qualitative interpretivist approach, the study draws on government reports and policy documents to analyze negotiation dynamics and outcomes. The article introduces an actor-centered perspective, showing how limited civil society involvement has constrained the agreement’s potential. It argues that IA-CEPA is unlikely to provide long-term mutual benefits unless the government of the two countries provides a more comprehensive approach to public diplomacy. The findings suggest that without stronger political leadership and more inclusive public diplomacy, IA-CEPA will deliver suboptimal results. The study highlights the need for people-to-people engagement as a bridge-builder for sustainable cooperation.
Perpetual Struggle for Freedom: Examining the Dynamics of Afghans Migration to Iran Post-Taliban Takeover Mulia, Jalaluddin Rizqi; Bagaskoro, Triyasa Panji; Salam, Subulu
Jisiera: The Journal of Islamic Studies and International Relations Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Jisiera Volume 8, Oktober, 2025
Publisher : The Indonesian Islamic Studies and International Relations Association (Insiera)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17388819

Abstract

This research explores the dynamics of migration to Iran following the resurgence of the Taliban in Afghanistan in 2021. By accommodating Push-Pull Theory as the analytical tool, this study examines the factors that have influenced this migration pattern of Afghans to Iran post-Taliban takeover. The study employs an approach of gathering data from sources such as academic literature, government records and news articles. It reveals that a significant number of Afghans migrate to Iran driven by their need for access to education, better economic opportunities and security reasons. This migration trend raises concerns, for both Afghanistan and Iran as it impacts stability and international migration policies. The data findings show that the number of Afghan immigrants continues to increase year over year, peaking in 2023. Moreover, this study finds that Iran, which previously pursued open-door policies to immigrants, has shifted to a more restrictive and discriminatory regulation towards Afghan migrants. In addition, concerning the multidimensional instability, this paper highlights the crucial agenda to prioritize the safety of refugees by multiple actors, particularly the state and civil society.
Political Autocratization and the Decline of Freedom of Religion or Belief in Indonesia and India: A Comparative Analysis 2016–2025 Robby, Hadza Min Fadhli; Mulia, Jalaluddin Rizqi; Shafia, Inas Ainun
AL-ADYAN Vol 21 No 1 (2026): Al-Adyan: Jurnal Studi Lintas Agama
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/aladyan.v19i2.30656

Abstract

This research investigates the impact of political autocratization on the protection of freedom of religion or belief within hybrid regimes, specifically focusing on the cases of Indonesia and India. The nature of hybrid regimes—situated between democratic and autocratic systems—makes it difficult to ensure the implementation of human rights norms, particularly those regarding religious freedom. Typically, these protections deteriorate significantly as a result of political autocratization. In the case of Indonesia, a persistent culture of intolerance and a decline in the protection of religious freedom are the consequences of a weakening commitment to a democratic way of life. The existence of elite patronage toward intolerant civil society organizations in several regions, combined with the use of “moderation” discourse as a tool for political control, has left religious freedom increasingly at risk. Furthermore, an autocratic, state- -centered interpretation of Pancasila creates an environment where the state ideology cannot effectively be utilized to guarantee Indonesia’s religious diversity. In India, democracy has faced significant setbacks due to the growing influence of Hindutva ideology across the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. While India officially upholds secularism as a state principle, the reinterpretation of this concept under the current regime has sidelined secular norms in favor of a more dominant role for religion in Indian politics.
Co-Authors Bagaskoro, Triyasa Panji Fathana, Hangga Hadza Min Fadhli Robby Salam, Subulu Shafia, Inas Ainun