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Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Water Sources from Selected Regions in Yola North, Adamawa State, Nigeria Stephen, Hyelda; Bassi, Wasinda Nuhu; Sirante, Richard Martin; Alli, Rejoice Monday
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 2 No 3 (2024): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v2i3.3852

Access to clean drinking water is essential for sustainable development and human health, but heavy metal contamination poses a significant threat. This study assessed health risks linked to heavy metals in drinking and household water sources in Yola North. Water samples from surface water (Benue River), groundwater (wells and boreholes), and tap water were analysed for physicochemical properties and heavy metal content. The average daily dosage (ADD), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index were estimated to assess the non-carcinogenic risk (HI) and carcinogenic risk (LCR) of heavy metals from the study water sources. The physicochemical properties of water samples showed pH values within WHO limits, with temperature ranging from 23°C to 32°C, turbidity within acceptable levels, electrical conductivity varying significantly, and total dissolved solids generally meeting WHO standards. The levels of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) exceeded WHO guidelines in all water samples, with the highest concentrations found in tap water (90 μg/L Cd) and surface water (210 μg/L Pb). There were considerable non-carcinogenic hazards indicated by the HQ and HI values for Pb and Cd via ingestion exceeding the threshold of 1. The LCR estimates revealed carcinogenic risks from Cd exposure in all water sources and elevated cancer risk from arsenic in surface water and tap water. Across all sources, lead presented a tolerable cancer risk. The study emphasises how critical it is to implement mitigation plans and other measures to address heavy metal contamination in the area's water sources.

Antinociceptive Potential of Dichloromethane Extract of Rumex acetosa Leaf in Albino Rats Stephen, Hyelda; Nakya, Faith Emmanuel; Sirante, Richard Martin
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 5 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i5.3857

Rumex acetosa (Polygonaceae) is an ethnomedicinal herb and vegetable used to alleviate pain and inflammation. It is also commonly consumed as food. This study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of dichloromethane extracts from R. acetosa leaves using in vivo pharmacological models in albino rats. Dried leaf powder was extracted by maceration with dichloromethane (72 h). Acute oral toxicity was determined per OECD guidelines. Analgesic activity was assessed using tail immersion, hot plate (55°C) and acetic acid-induced writhing (0.7%) tests at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. Diclofenac sodium (25 mg/kg) served as reference drug. Phytochemical analysis was undertaken to screen major chemical classes. All doses of extract significantly (p<0.05) increased mean basal latency of tail withdrawal and hind paw licking by 46-162% and 63-207% respectively. Maximum analgesic effect comparable to diclofenac was observed at 200 mg/kg. In acetic acid model, extract exhibited marked (p<0.05) reduction in writhing frequency (55.49%) indicative of peripheral action. Preliminary phytochemical studies detected flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and phenols as major compounds. R. acetosa leaf extracts displayed significant analgesic activity in vivo mediated via both central and peripheral pathways. The findings validate the traditional use of R. acetosa in pain management.

Projection of HIV/AIDS Mortality in Adamawa State through the Lee-Carter Model: Strides toward SDG-3 Nuhu, Wasinda Bassi; Stephen, Hyelda; Abdulkadir, Usman Almujaddid; Sirante, Richard Martins; Sirante, Francisca Jugivetje
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science Том 3 № 02 (2025): International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science
Publisher : PT. Riset Press International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59653/ijmars.v3i02.1712

Globally, HIV/AIDS remains a significant health concern, with profound impacts in developing nations, including Nigeria. This study aims to project mortality among HIV patients in Adamawa State using the Lee-Carter model to assess progress towards the third Sustainable Development Goal (SDG-3) - terminating AIDS by 2030. Mortality data for 2011-2020 on HIV patients aged 15-59 years receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) was obtained from Adamawa State AIDS control database. The Lee-Carter model, using the Singular Value decomposition (SVD) for parameter estimation was fitted to estimate age-specific parameters. The time series component was forecast using ARIMA(0,1,0). Mortality data from 2011 to 2020 revealed a substantial 296% reduction in mortality, a testament to government and NGO interventions. The study delineates varied age group responses to improvements in mortality rates, pinpointing ages 55-59 as the most affected, while ages 15-19 exhibit the lowest mortality rates. Furthermore, individuals aged 20-24 show heightened responsiveness to general mortality improvements compared to other age cohorts. This work substantiates that Adamawa State has achieved substantial progress, exceeding the SDG-3 target of a 90% decline in HIV/AIDS patient mortality rate, setting a promising trajectory towards an AIDS-free society by 2030. However targeted strategies are still needed for older patients.

Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues and Associated Health Risks in Some Vegetables Consumed in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria Umaru, Hauwa Aduwamai; Abubakar, Mohammed; Stephen, Hyelda
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 2 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i2.4001

The use of pesticides in agriculture can lead to the accumulation of residues in food commodities, posing potential health risks. The levels of organochlorine pesticide residues in selected vegetables (sorrel, spinach, okra, lettuce and sesame) consumed in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria were assessed. Vegetable samples were collected, extracted using the QuEChERS method and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Health risk assessment was conducted by estimating the estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI) and lifetime cancer risk (LCR). Organochlorine pesticides, including lindane, aldrin, endosulfan and DDT, were detected in varying concentrations across vegetable samples. Spinach exhibited the highest levels, exceeding European Union Maximum Residue Levels for α-lindane (1.555 mg/kg), β-lindane (1.718 mg/kg), δ-lindane (1.556 mg/kg), aldrin (1.990 mg/kg), endosulfan I (1.960 mg/kg) and endosulfan II (5.209 mg/kg). The HI was 5.56, indicating potential non-carcinogenic health risks. Spinach posed a high cancer risk for α-lindane, β-lindane and p,p'-DDT. Organochlorine pesticide residues in vegetables consumed in Yola exceeded regulatory limits, with spinach posing the highest health risks. Effective monitoring, sustainable agricultural practices and strengthened regulatory frameworks are crucial to safeguard food safety and public health. Thus, consumption of vegetables in Yola should be done with caution.

Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues and Associated Health Risks in Some Vegetables Consumed in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria Umaru, Hauwa Aduwamai; Abubakar, Mohammed; Stephen, Hyelda
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 2 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i2.4001

The use of pesticides in agriculture can lead to the accumulation of residues in food commodities, posing potential health risks. The levels of organochlorine pesticide residues in selected vegetables (sorrel, spinach, okra, lettuce and sesame) consumed in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria were assessed. Vegetable samples were collected, extracted using the QuEChERS method and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Health risk assessment was conducted by estimating the estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI) and lifetime cancer risk (LCR). Organochlorine pesticides, including lindane, aldrin, endosulfan and DDT, were detected in varying concentrations across vegetable samples. Spinach exhibited the highest levels, exceeding European Union Maximum Residue Levels for α-lindane (1.555 mg/kg), β-lindane (1.718 mg/kg), δ-lindane (1.556 mg/kg), aldrin (1.990 mg/kg), endosulfan I (1.960 mg/kg) and endosulfan II (5.209 mg/kg). The HI was 5.56, indicating potential non-carcinogenic health risks. Spinach posed a high cancer risk for α-lindane, β-lindane and p,p'-DDT. Organochlorine pesticide residues in vegetables consumed in Yola exceeded regulatory limits, with spinach posing the highest health risks. Effective monitoring, sustainable agricultural practices and strengthened regulatory frameworks are crucial to safeguard food safety and public health. Thus, consumption of vegetables in Yola should be done with caution.

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