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PEMANFAATAN BIJI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L) TERAKTIVASI H2SO4 SEBAGAI BIOSORBEN DALAM PENGOLAHAN AMONIA PADA LIMBAH CAIR TAHU Ratnayani, Oka; Simanjuntak, Kartika; Puspawati, Ni Made
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 11 No 2 (2023): Cakra Kimia (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry)
Publisher : Graduate Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRAK: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik biosorben biji pepaya tanpa aktivasi dan teraktivasi H2SO4 10% yang meliputi luas permukaan, keasaman permukaan dan situs aktif, dan juga menentukan efisiensi adsorpsi amonia limbah cair tahu serta daya serap adsorpsinya pada kondisi optimum. Biosorben teraktivasi dibuat dengan cara merendam biji pepaya dalam larutan H2SO4 10% selama 12 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan luas permukaan spesifik biosorben tanpa aktivasi dan teraktivasi asam sulfat masing-masing sebesar 10,9416 m2/g dan 56,3179 m2/g. Keasaman permukaan masing-masing biosorben tanpa aktivasi dan teraktivasi adalah 1,7944 mmol/g dan 3,1880 mmol/g. Situs aktif biosorben tanpa aktivasi dan teraktivasi masing-masing adalah 10,8058 x 1020 molekul/g dan 19,1981 x 1020 molekul/g. Kondisi optimum yang didapatkan untuk mengadsorpsi amonia limbah cair tahu yaitu pada waktu kontak 90 menit dengan berat biosorben sebanyak 0,5 gram. Efisiensi dan daya serap adsorpsi amonia pada kondisi optimum menggunakan biosorben tanpa aktivasi adalah 51,02% dan 0,2951 mg/g, sedangkan menggunakan biosorben teraktivasi masing-masing sebesar 82,63%, dan 0,4779 mg/g. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa efisiensi dan daya serap adsorpsi amonia pada kondisi optimum menggunakan biosorben teraktivasi asam sulfat lebih tinggi daripada biosorben tanpa aktivasi. ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to characterize the non-activated and activated papaya seed biosorbents, that included the surface area, surface acidity and active sites, as well as to determine the adsorption efficiency and capacity of ammonia (in the form of ammonium ions) of the tofu liquid waste. Activated biosorbents were prepared by soaking papaya seeds in a H2SO4 10% solution for 12 hours. The results showed the specific surface area of the biosorbents without activation and activated with H2SO4 10% was 10.9416 m2/g and 56.3179 m2/g, respectively. The surface acidity of non-activated and activated biosorbents was 1.7944 mmol/g and 3.1880 mmol/g, respectively. The active sites of non-activated and activated biosorbents were 10.8058 x 1020 molecules/g and 19.1981 x 1020 molecules/g, respectively. The optimum conditions required to adsorb the ammonia of the tofu liquid waste were at a contact time of 90 minutes with the biosorbent mass of 0.5 grams. The adsorption efficiency and capacity at the optimum conditions for the non-activated biosorbent were 51.02% and 0.2951 mg/g, respectively, while for activated biosorbents were 0.4779 mg/g and 82.63%, respectively. The adsorption efficiency and capacity activated biosorbents were higher than the non-activated ones.
DEVELOPMENT OF FLIPBOOK MEDIA IN THE MATERIAL OF BASIC CONCEPTS OF HISTORY IN INDONESIA TO INCREASE STUDENT CREATIVITY IN SMK PGRI 2 SIDOARJO: Pengembangan Media Flipbook Dalam Materi Konsep Dasar Sejarah di Indonesia Untuk Meningkatkan Kreatifitas Siswa di SMK PGRI 2 Sidoarjo Simanjuntak, Kartika; J. Priyanto Widodo; Aulia Fitriany
Santhet: (Jurnal Sejarah, Pendidikan Dan Humaniora) Vol 10 No 1 (2026): SANTHET: (JURNAL SEJARAH, PENDIDIKAN DAN HUMANIORA)
Publisher : Proram studi pendidikan Sejarah Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universaitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/santhet.v10i1.6061

Abstract

This study aims to develop digital learning media in the form of interactive flipbooks (Flipgames) to enhance students' creativity in history learning. The background of this study is the minimal use of digital media, which has resulted in low student engagement. Flipgames integrate multimedia elements (images, videos, audio, animations) with educational games (quizzes, puzzles, interactive challenges). The research used the R&D method with the Borg and Gall model and a descriptive quantitative approach, involving 10th grade students at SMK PGRI 2 Sidoarjo through observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The results of expert validation of the media (92%) and material (88%) showed high feasibility, while field trials received a positive response from 98.99% of students. The validity test showed that 13 of the 15 items were valid, and Cronbach's Alpha reliability of 0.812 indicated high consistency. The findings confirm that Flipgames are effective in increasing student creativity and engagement, with the novelty of integrating game-based learning in a digital flipbook format.