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All Journal Althea Medical Journal JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia
Athoillah, Nabil
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Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Subchronic Oral Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Decreases Butyrylcholinesterase in Wistar Rat Sakinah, Elly Nurus; Supangat, Supangat; Wisudanti, Desie Dwi; Abrori, Cholis; Mustika, Arifa; Wibsono, Sony; Athoillah, Nabil
Althea Medical Journal Vol 11, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v11n1.3133

Abstract

Background: Indonesia as an agricultural country has more than 33 million workers in the agriculture. Pesticides have an important role in agriculture because they function as powerful plant pest exterminators. However, its use is considered to cause various toxic effects, one of which is on the nervous system. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of pesticide exposure on cognitive impairment by assessing the butyrylcholinesterase biomarker in the blood of rats as experimental animals.Methods: This was a true experimental study conducted during September–November 2022 at the Pharmacology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jember with a post-test only approach using Wistar rats which were divided into 1 control group and 4 treatment groups treated with chlorpyrifos 5 mg/kg orally. Serum butyrylcholinesterase enzyme levels were measured using the kinetic photometric method and then analyzed with a regression test in IBM SPSS® Statistics software.Results: The average value of butyrylcholinesterase was 920.23±145.27 (Control group); 904.48±91.6 (7 days after chlorpyrifos administration); 889.81±95.2 (14 days after chlorpyrifos administration); 457.84±69.5 (28 days after chlorpyrifos administration); 575.82±194.25 (56 days after chlorpyrifos administration). The results of the One-Way ANOVA test showed significant differences between groups as indicated by a significance test of 0.024 (p <0.05).Conclusions: There is a relationship between the duration of exposure to chlorpyrifos and butyrylcholinesterase levels in Wistar rats. This fact shows that the longer an organism is exposed to low doses of chlorpyrifos pesticides, the higher the level of neurological system toxicity that occurs in that organism.
POLA TUBERKULOSIS PADA RONTGEN DADA SEORANG PEREMPUAN BERUSIA 16 TAHUN DENGAN PNEUMONIA ASPIRASI TERKAIT TENGGELAM DI NEGARA ENDEMIS, INDONESIA: LAPORAN KASUS Athoillah, Nabil; Tias, Ditya Pramudyaning; Fardhani, Ichlasul Mahdi; Kurniawan, Setiadi Drajad
JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 11 No 2 (2025): JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Vol. 11.2 (2025)
Publisher : BAPIN-ISMKI (Badan Analisis Pengembangan Ilmiah Nasional - Ikatan Senat Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53366/jimki.v11i2.807

Abstract

Background: Aspiration pneumonia is a process of lung infection that occurs after abnormal fluid ingress in the lower respiratory tract. Drowning is one of the most common cause of aspiration pneumonia. The diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia can be confirmed through history taking, physical examination, and supporting examination for appropriate therapy. Here we report a case of aspiration pneumonia due to drowning that had a radiological appearance of fibroinfiltrates resembling pulmonary TB. Case Illustration: A 16-year-old girl presented with symptoms of decreased consciousness, fever, shortness of breath, and haemoptysis after drowning in a river. The patient was diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia based on clinical manifestations, but the patient was suspected of having pulmonary TB from the chest X-ray. The patient was treated according to the management of aspiration pneumonia rather than TB to avoid treatment resistance and side effects. Conclusion: This report shows the importance to assess the symptoms of aspiration pneumonia or TB in children with symptoms of shortness of breath and haemoptysis to avoid inappropriate therapy.
POTENSI BIOAKTIVITAS KURKUMIN DENGAN NANOENKAPSULASI KITOSAN SEBAGAI PENDEKATAN HOST-DIRECTED THERAPY HERBAL MUTAKHIR PADA TUBERKULOSIS DI INDONESIA: Pemanfaatan Herbal sebagai Terapi Adjuvan pada Penyakit Infeksi Bergantung Antibiotik Athoillah, Nabil
JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 10 No 3 (2024): JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Vol. 10.3 2024
Publisher : BAPIN-ISMKI (Badan Analisis Pengembangan Ilmiah Nasional - Ikatan Senat Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53366/jimki.v10i3.758

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a deadly tropical infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). The combination of antibiotics as the current TB management raises new problems such as high rates of drug resistance and serious adverse effects on the liver. Alternative therapies that are effective, safe, and affordable in treating TB are needed. Discussion: One of the therapeutic approaches that can be used to avoid bacterial resistance is Host-Directed Therapy (HDT) because it utilizes the host's capabilities. Curcumin is a yellow-colored polyphenol pigment that has a variety of beneficial pharmacological effects including anti-tuberculosis effects through its modulation of the human immune system so that it can be one of the HDTs. However, curcumin still has the major disadvantage of decreased pharmacokinetics because it is easily degraded and its oral bioavailability is poor. To improve its performance, curcumin can be combined with nanoencapsulation agent, chitosan. Curcumin is proven to have the ability to work as Host-Directed Therapy from various studies. Curcumin can inhibit the growth of MTB intracellularly while inducing apoptosis in MTB-infected cells. Nanoencapsulation using chitosan is proven in various trials to improve the pharmacokinetic profile and bioavailability of curcumin so that its performance becomes better. The use of curcumin with chitosan nanoencapsulation in Indonesia is very possible because both agents are very easy to produce domestically and have a relatively affordable price. Conclusion: Nanoencapsulation of herbal curcumin by chitosan has the potential to be an effective, safe, and affordable cutting-edge therapeutic modality in treating tuberculosis in Indonesia. Keywords: HDT, Chitosan, Curcumin, Nanoencapsulation, Tuberculosis
Co-Authors Arifa Mustika Cholis Abrori, Cholis Desie Dwi Wisudanti Elly Nurus Sakinah, Elly Nurus Fardhani, Ichlasul Mahdi Kurniawan, Setiadi Drajad Supangat Supangat Tias, Ditya Pramudyaning Wibsono, Sony