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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease
Salwa, Umaimah Mitsalia Ummi
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Computer Science & IT Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Wheelchair safety system using fuzzy logic controller to avoid obstruction Yulianto, Endro; Salwa, Umaimah Mitsalia Ummi; Triwiyanto, Triwiyanto; Indarto, Tri Bowo
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 6: December 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i6.pp7001-7012

Abstract

A wheelchair is the primary means of mobility for individuals unable to walk. This study aimed to develop a safety system for electric wheelchairs to help people with tetraplegia avoid obstructions. The main contribution of this study is the implementation of a sensor with a wider reflection angle and the adjustment of the wheelchair's speed based on the distance to the obstruction, eliminating the need for manual speed selection. The safety system utilizes LV-MaxSonarEZ1 ultrasonic sensors, which function as reflectance distance readers placed on the front, rear, right, and left sides of the wheelchair. The output from the sensors is input into an Arduino, which functions as the controller. The safety system employs adaptive speed control based on distance through a fuzzy logic controller. The wheelchair was tested with obstruction distances of 1, 1.8, 3, and 10 m. The wheelchair could stop at a distance of 34.06 cm for forward movement and 45.16 cm for reverse movement. The results of this study successfully demonstrate the creation of a safety system on a wheelchair using ultrasonic sensors to avoid obstructions and detect areas, with more adaptive speed control based on distance through a fuzzy logic controller.
Red Laser-Activated Silver Nanoparticles from Green Synthesis Extract of Butterfly Pea for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Against Staphylococcus aureus Astuti, Suryani Dyah; Farhah, Ghinaa Rihadatul Aisy; Salwa, Umaimah Mitsalia Ummi; Aisya, Rohadatul; Zaidan, Andi Hamim; Yaqubi, Ahmad Khalil
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v12i3.62884

Abstract

This study investigated the potential of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from butterfly pea extract (Clitoria ternatea L.) to combat Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The use of a red diode laser as a method for enhancing the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs presents a novel approach to treating bacterial infections.  The red diode laser is crucial, as it activates the AgNPs, enhancing their antimicrobial properties. This combination of light, natural extract, and nanoparticles underscores the innovative approach of using PDT in treating bacterial infections. By integrating these elements, the study aims to provide insights into effective, biocompatible treatments for antibiotic-resistant bacteria.  The primary objective of this study is to synthesize and characterize AgNPs using butterfly pea extract and evaluate their effectiveness against S. aureus when combined with red laser irradiation.  Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using an environmentally friendly method that processes butterfly pea extract as the reducing agent for the synthesis of the nanoparticles.  Using UV-Vis spectrophotometry to track the creation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), it was determined that the butterfly pea extract was an effective source of nanoparticles. The particle size distribution and peak absorbance wavelength were determined by characterization utilizing a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). Tryptic soy agar (TSA) plates were used to investigate the antibacterial activity of AgNPs against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The effectiveness of photoinactivation against S. aureus was evaluated by exposing AgNPs at a concentration of 1 mM to a red diode laser for 90 seconds. The results showed that the produced AgNPs had potential antibacterial capabilities when combined with red light therapy. The results demonstrated that the synthesized silver nanoparticles can effectively kill or inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) when exposed to a red diode laser for 90 seconds. The findings suggest that photodynamic therapy using green-synthesized AgNPs and red laser irradiation could be a promising approach to controlling bacterial infections like S. aureus. Further research is recommended to explore the underlying mechanisms of photoinactivation and to optimize treatment parameters for in vivo applications on experimental animals.
Co-Authors Aisya, Rohadatul Andi Hamim Zaidan Endro Yulianto Farhah, Ghinaa Rihadatul Aisy Indarto, Tri Bowo Suryani Dyah Astuti Yaqubi, Ahmad Khalil