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13-level modular multilevel inverter application for the exhaust fan drive control of Thu Thiem Road tunnel Anh, An Thi Hoai Thu; Cuong, Tran Hung
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 5: October 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i5.pp5008-5017

The ventilation system plays a vital role in ensuring the safety of people and means of transportation. Fresh air is created in the tunnel mainly thanks to the exhaust fans arranged at the top of the tunnels. The drive motor for the exhaust fan in the Thu Thiem Road tunnel has a power of 560 kW and operates at a voltage of 6 kV. The paper proposes a 13-level modular multilevel inverter (MMC) with the improved nearest level modulation (NLM) method to ensure the quality of voltage output from the voltage source inverter-fed exhaust fan drive motor. This is a novel combination aimed at transforming electrical power at high voltage levels, high power, and enhancing operational efficiency and the lifespan of semiconductor components within the inverter when operating continuously and over extended durations. The theoretical research results verified through MATLAB/Simulink software with simulation parameters collected from the exhaust fan motor of Thu Thiem Road tunnel, Vietnam show total harmonic distortion of the current in operation with 13 levels is 1.23%, while that of the current in operation with 7 levels is 10.1%; total harmonic distortion (THD) of the voltage with 13 levels is 5.33%, while that of the voltage with 7 levels is 11.37%.

Model predictive control with finite constant set for five-level neutral-point clamped inverter fed interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drive of electric vehicle Cuong, Tran Hung; Anh, An Thi Hoai Thu
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 5: October 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i5.pp5038-5047

This paper uses the five-level neutral-point clamped (NPC) inverter to feed an electric vehicle's traction motor-interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). The model predictive control method controls the energy conversion process according to the model with two prediction steps. The advantage of this method is its fast response, which increases the ability to operate the converter with good voltage quality. Model predictive control (MPC) control is a closed-loop strategy with much potential when integrating multiple control objectives; the calculation process is compact without complex modulation. Within the scope of this article, the MPC strategy will be implemented with two control goals for NPC, including output load current and capacitor voltage balance with low switching frequency. The simulation results on MATLAB/Simulink software were performed to verify the proposed algorithm's effectiveness in minimizing the grid current's harmonics and ensuring an uninterrupted power supply.

Sliding mode control for the speed loop combined with adaptive coefficients for urban trains’ load variations of Nhon – Hanoi Station Metro line Anh, An Thi Hoai Thu; Cuong, Tran Hung; Dinh, Ha Van
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 5: October 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i5.pp5030-5037

Electric trains are becoming increasingly popular due to their environmental protection and ability to transport a large number of passengers. Alongside this trend, traction motors for electric trains have become diverse thanks to the rapid development of power electronics. Among them, the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) stands out with advantages such as high efficiency, high torque-to-current ratio, and compactness compared to other motors of the same power, making it the top choice. However, PMSM motors are nonlinear objects, so the nonlinear control technique of sliding mode control has been applied to the speed loop in this paper. Additionally, electric trains' inertial torque and load torque vary due to changes in the number of passengers during peak and off-peak hours and weather conditions. Therefore, this paper introduces two adaptive coefficients to account for these variations. Simulation results show that the sliding mode control technique for the speed loop circuit provides a faster and more accurate speed response. Meanwhile, the two parameters also adapt to the inertial and load torque variations. This ensures the safety and efficiency of the electric train system, contributing to the advantages of this mode of transportation.

Passivity-based adaptive current control loop of cascaded H-bridge multilevel converter for grid-tied photovoltaic system Cuong, Tran Hung; Thu Anh, An Thi Hoai
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i4.pp3894-3904

This paper proposes an algorithm to passivity-based control (PBC) for the current control loop of the cascaded H-bridge converter (CHB) connecting the grid-connected PV system with the space vector modulation (SVM) algorithm using the law of expanding any number of voltage levels. The algorithm SVM in this paper is suitable for CHB converters. It can create a number of high levels of alternating voltage that other methods cannot do. Passivity-based control (PBC) algorithm aims to create a flexible controller that can change its structure or parameters to adapt to changes in the system, ensuring stable system quality, reducing switching losses and gaining energy conversion efficiency. It enhances the capability of accurately delivering power on demand to the grid with the CHB inverter in situations in which the grid demands the mobilization of maximum power from the photovoltaics (PV) system. The simulation results of the 9-level CHB system performed by MATLAB/Simulink software have proved the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.

Cascaded H-bridge 7-level inverter application for air exhaust fan drive control of Thu Thiem road tunnel Thu Anh, An Thi Hoai; Cuong, Tran Hung; Khoi, Tran Van
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 14, No 1: February 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v14i1.8490

The Thu Thiem road tunnel in Vietnam is crucial in reducing traffic congestion and ensuring the safety of those passing through, thanks to its ventilation system that generates clean air. This fresh air production is primarily supported by two exhaust fans at both ends of the tunnel in the eastern and western towers. However, the fans have a power capacity of several hundred kW and operate at kilovolt-level voltage, which is unsuitable for conventional inverters. Therefore, this paper proposes a 7-level inverter to feed the exhaust fan drive motor. The 7-level inverter improves the output voltage quality, and the output current and voltage have reduced the harmonic distortion significantly. The outstanding advantages of this inverter are verified through MATLAB/Simulink simulation software compared to a 3-level inverter.

Control to compensate reactive power at medium voltage load nodes to improve performance and load voltage stabilization based on modular multilevel converter Cuong, Tran Hung; Tung, Nguyen Nhat; Anh, An Thi Hoai Thu
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 2: April 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i2.pp1463-1472

This paper will present a reactive power control method for medium voltage power grids based on the modular multilevel converter (MMC) structure. In particular, the MMC converter applies control algorithms to operate as a D-STATCOM device. A proportional–integral (PI) controller combined with an improved nearest level modulation (NLM) method performs the system control process. The purpose is to create sinusoidal voltage levels on the alternating current (AC) side to generate or absorb reactive power according to load requirements. This will ensure that the amount of reactive power for the load node is always within the allowable value and improve voltage quality, increasing the power factor for the load. Verifying and evaluating results are performed on MATLAB/Simulink software.

Optimizing switching states using a current predictive control algorithm for multilevel cascaded H-bridge converters in solar photovoltaic integration into power grids Anh, An Thi Hoai Thu; Cuong, Tran Hung
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 3: June 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i3.pp2726-2734

Solar power is the best solution for renewable energy sources. Nowadays, solar power plants are invested and developed strongly in many places. Converting direct current (DC) energy from photovoltaic (PV) systems to the alternating current (AC) grid is critical to widely use this power source at high voltage levels. This paper presents an algorithm to optimize the valve-switching process for a cascading H-bridge multilevel converter (CHB) to convert energy from a PV system connected to the grid. This is done by a model predictive control algorithm (MPC) before a valve switching cycle, its process will be carried out in future forecast cycles and applied in the present time. From there, choose the best switching state for a working cycle. This will ensure the best quality of current and voltage with a low total harmonic distortion (THD) index to connect to the power grid. This method's advantages are reducing volume calculation for the controller, Selecting the most suitable valve switching state to achieve low valve switching frequency, reducing losses, and improving conversion efficiency. The implementation results are proven by simulation and evaluation of results on MATLAB-Simulink software.

Simulation and experimental validation of modular multilevel converters capable of producing arbitrary voltage levels using the space vector modulation method Cuong, Tran Hung; Hieu, Pham Chi; Phuong, Pham Viet
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 6: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i6.pp5234-5248

Modular multilevel converters (MMC) used forDC-AC energy conversion are becoming popular to connect distributed energy systems to the power systems. There are many modulation methods that can be applied to the MMC. The space vector modulation (SVM) method can produce a maximum number of levels, i.e., 2N+1, in which N is the number of sub- modules (SMs) per branch of the MMC. The SVM method can generate rules to apply to MMCs with any number of levels. The goal of this proposal is to easily expand the number of voltage levels of the MMC when necessary while still ensuring the quality requirements of the system. The proposed SVM method only selects the three nearest vectors to generate optimal transition states, therefore making the computations simpler and more efficient. This has reduced the computational load when compared to the previously applied SVM methods. This advantage ensures an optimal switching process and harmonic quality which will significantly improve the effectiveness of the proposed method was demonstrated through simulations on MATLAB/Simulink and experimental tests on 13-levels voltage MMC converter system using a 309 field-programmable gate array (FPGA) kit.

Backstepping control in speed loop combined with load torque observer-ESO for IPMSM in electric vehicle Anh, An Thi Hoai Thu; Cuong, Tran Hung; Hoa, Nguyen Van
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Vol 16, No 4: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i4.pp2271-2279

Electric vehicles are gaining popularity due to their environmental friendliness and the need to conserve dwindling fossil fuel resources. In this field, interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors are considered the top choice for propulsion systems due to their high efficiency, high torque-to-current ratio, durability, and low noise. To optimize the speed control performance of IPM motors in the presence of disturbances, a nonlinear speed control algorithm for IPM systems using the backstepping method is developed in this paper. Additionally, a load torque observer using the extended state observer (ESO) method is implemented to enable the system to respond quickly and accurately to load changes while minimizing the effects of disturbances, thereby enhancing the operation and reliability of electric vehicles. The simulation results, conducted in MATLAB/Simulink, demonstrate that the combination of backstepping control and ESO offers good stability for the motor system, while mitigating the impact of disturbances and load variations. This is an important step in optimizing the control system of electric vehicles, contributing to the improvement of performance and reliability in electric vehicle applications.

Design of a static synchronous compensator for the north-south high-speed railway system Anh, An Thi Hoai Thu; Cuong, Tran Hung
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Vol 16, No 4: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i4.pp2369-2380

The modern high-speed rail system plays a crucial role in driving the nation’s economic development. The problem of voltage imbalance caused by intermittent load movements is a significant challenge for energy management and distribution. When electric trains are connected to the three-phase grid, power quality degradation occurs, resulting in distortion and imbalance of the three-phase grid current and voltage, which in turn increases operating costs. This paper has proposed a linear control method using a PI controller for a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) to directly control the amount of reactive power loss for electric trains. This solution will also bring good and stable voltage quality to electric trains so that electric trains can operate for a long time. The STATCOM device in this paper is a three-phase voltage source converter with a simple structure and can be easily controlled. This is considered a simple and effective solution to balance voltage, improve power factor, and enhance harmonic quality for railway trains, thereby achieving an optimal operating solution. This discussion can be simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software to determine the operation and control steps for STATCOM, thereby improving the quality of the power system. The simulation results of current, voltage, and reactive power response are presented. The simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed algorithm successfully achieves the set goals of ensuring voltage stability and providing the necessary amount of reactive power for the train, thereby improving the quality of the power grid for the North-South high-speed train in Vietnam.

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