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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences
Hossain, Md. Amzad
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Environmental Science

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Performance analysis of 2D optical code division multiple access through underwater wireless optical medium Islam, Md. Rabiul; Islam, Md. Jahedul; Mitra, Bithi; Hossain, Md. Amzad; Islam, Jahedul; Dev, Shuvo
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 2: April 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i2.pp1665-1673

Abstract

The performance of a two-dimensional optical code division multiple access (2D-OCDMA) system using an underwater wireless optical (UWO) medium is assessed in this work. The optical source is an LED with a working wavelength of 532 nm, and the optical detector is a p–i–n photodiode. When calculating the bit error rate (BER), the phase-induced intensity noise (PIIN), thermal noises, and shot sounds are taken into account. The user code address is set using 2D perfect difference (2D-PD) codes. Link distance, inclination angle, beam divergence angle, transmitter power, and the number of concurrent users are all taken into account when determining the BER performance. For various water media, such as pure sea water (PSW), clear ocean water (CLOW), and coastal ocean water (CSOW), the performance of the suggested system is examined.
Evaluation of Jackfruit Peel Extract as a Low-Cost Medium for Spirulina platensis Culture: Evaluation of Jackfruit Peel Extract for Spirulina Platensis Culture Hossain, Md. Amzad; Fahmida Jahan Riya; Das, Mousumi; Fouzia Sultana Bristy; Taslima Akter; Md. Shah Alam Sarker
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): In Press
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/xq937835

Abstract

Spirulina platensis is a nutrient-rich blue-green alga, ideal for use as a human food and an animal feed supplement. The Kosaric medium (KM) provides optimal biomass production for Spirulina sp.; however, it is expensive and inaccessible. This study evaluated the potential of jackfruit peel powder extract (JPE) as a low-cost source of nutrients for S. platensis cultivation. The production performance of S. platensis was evaluated for 24 days in four concentrations of JPE medium (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%), each supplemented with 3.0 g/l NaHCO₃ and 1.25 g/l NaNO₃. Cultivation of S. platensis with KM served as the control. Maximum cell biomass (48.27 ± 0.36 mg/l), optical density (1.51 ± 0.02), specific growth rate (0.60 ± 0.02 μg/day), chlorophyll a (5.14 ± 0.03 μg/ml), chlorophyll b (3.95 ± 0.04 μg/ml), and β-Carotene (2.58 ± 0.05 μg/ml) of S. platensis were observed in KM (control) at the 20th days of culture. Similar results were obtained at 2.5% JPE medium (cell biomass: 47.47 ± 0.49 mg/l; optical density 1.49 ± 0.02, specific growth rate: 0.58 ± 0.02 μg/day; chlorophyll a 5.09 ± 0.04 μg/ml; chlorophyll b 3.93 ± 0.04 μg/ml, β-carotene 2.55 ± 0.05 μg/ml). All the growth parameters tend to decrease gradually with the further increase in concentration of the JPE medium. JPE medium of 2.5% supplemented with NaHCO3 and NaNO3 produced comparable growth and pigment content of S. platensis to KM, suggesting its potential as a cost-effective alternative culture medium for S. platensis.
Co-Authors Das, Mousumi Dev, Shuvo Fahmida Jahan Riya Fouzia Sultana Bristy Islam, Jahedul Islam, Md. Jahedul Md. Rabiul Islam Md. Shah Alam Sarker Mitra, Bithi Taslima Akter