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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences
Trisna, Tifara Elaine
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Medicine & Pharmacology

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A Review on Bioethanol Production through the Valorization of Food Waste in Indonesia Trisna, Tifara Elaine; Jai, Jyotsna; Shirleen, Deborah; Matthew, Ryan; K, Katherine
Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences 2022: IJLS Vol 04 No .02
Publisher : Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54250/ijls.v4i2.139

Abstract

Biofuels are one of the numerous alternatives that are currently being considered to replace fossil fuels as it is more environmentally friendly. Specifically, bioethanol is often thought as a better alternative to gasoline fuel as it is considered cleaner, more renewable, and greener as it is synthesized from renewable feedstock which contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to the environment. As bioethanol is produced from carbohydrate and starch rich food crops, food waste (FW) poses a potential source for bioethanol production as it is especially rich in carbohydrates and lipids. Bioethanol production itself consists of several steps which includes food waste selection, pretreatment, saccharification and fermentation, and recovery. Cafeteria FW was reviewed to be the best type of FW for bioethanol production as it has the highest carbohydrate and starch content. Subsequently, acid pretreatment was considered to be the best method due to low cost, high yielding, and time efficient method. Moreover, the non-isothermal simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (NSSF) produces 1.42 g ethanol/L.h with a time of 38 hours. Lastly, the enzyme-assisted extraction technique is most preferred to recover the bioactive compounds as it led to the highest yield of product (94%) compared to other methods.
In silico investigation of bioactive compounds from Ginkgo biloba as alternatives to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Jai, Jyotsna; Yosiano, Stephanie Angela; Trisna, Tifara Elaine; Rosaceae, Agnes Maria; Kurniawan, Laurentius Hardy; Nurdiansyah, Rizky
Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences 2022: IJLS Vol 04 No .02
Publisher : Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54250/ijls.v4i2.147

Abstract

Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are common over-the-counter drugs that are used for numerous inflammation-associated ailments. Despite their widespread consumption, these synthetic drugs are not without side effects. Adversities caused by NSAIDs range from simple nausea and vomiting to fatal conditions such as hypertension, gastrointestinal bleeding and diminished renal function. There is thus a need to develop novel alternatives to these drugs which possess comparable efficacies. Phytocompounds are attractive alternatives for a plethora of medicines used for various disorders and diseases as they are readily available in nature and have negligible side effects. In an attempt to identify safe alternatives to NSAIDs, we tested six bioactive compounds from Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgolide A, Amentoflavone, Bilobetin, Ginkgetin, Quercetin, and Bilobalide) for their abilities to inhibit Cyclooxygenase-1, Cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-Lipoxygenase which are inflammation-causing enzymes. Molecular docking experiments using Autodock Vina resulted in binding energy values between -6.6 and -11.9 kcal/mol, comparable to that of control drugs, which indicated that the tested phytocompounds were able to bind strongly to the active sites of the three proteins. Analyses of receptor-ligand interactions using Discovery Studio Visualizer revealed that all the tested compounds formed numerous non-covalent interactions with the surrounding amino acid residues, which confirmed their binding stabilities. Finally, evaluation of their drug likeness based on Lipinski’s rule of five showed that the tested G. biloba compounds possess the potential to be taken as oral drugs to replace conventional NSAIDs.
Co-Authors Jai, Jyotsna K, Katherine Kurniawan, Laurentius Hardy Matthew, Ryan Rizky Nurdiansyah Rosaceae, Agnes Maria Shirleen, Deborah Yosiano, Stephanie Angela