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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences
K, Katherine
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Medicine & Pharmacology

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Bioprocessing of Avian Influenza VLP Vaccine using Baculovirus-Insect Cell Expression System Chrisdianto, Matthew; Damai, Fedric Intan; Mulyono, Roselyn; Virginia, Jesslyn Audrey; K, Katherine
Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences 2022: IJLS Vol 04 No .01
Publisher : Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (604.204 KB) | DOI: 10.54250/ijls.v4i1.69

Abstract

Vaccines are widely used as a preventive measure against influenza virus infection. However, these vaccines gain concerns regarding their biosafety due to implementing the highly pathogenic avian influenza in the production process. A breakthrough that uses insect cells due to their ability to produce protein rapidly, especially viral antigens for the potential avian influenza outbreak, is being extensively researched. Insect cells infected by baculovirus (BV) are utilized to express proteins known as virus-like protein (VLP). The objective of this review is to assess the production of the avian influenza vaccine (i.e., H5N1 and H7N9 strains) made from VLP by utilizing a baculovirus-insect cell (BV-IC) expression system. A narrative review was conducted by screening international indexed journals from the last 10 years about the topic. The result shows that VLP vaccine development using BV-IC expression can be a cheaper and safer alternative to conventional vaccines while also producing a high yield. The upstream process consists of the IC infection by the BV and BV-IC cell cultivation inside the bioreactor. The downstream process consists of the purification of the VLP product until it becomes a functioning vaccine. The VLP vaccine has improved immunogenic quality, enabling a more specific immune response than other vaccines. However, studies performed on avian influenza vaccines produced by the BV-IC expression system are still lacking. Therefore, further studies are required to improve the current VLP vaccine production processes.
Recent Advancements of Fungal Xylanase Upstream Production and Downstream Processing J, Jonathan; Tania, Veren; Tanjaya, Jessica C.; K, Katherine
Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences 2021: IJLS Vol 03 No .01
Publisher : Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (469.397 KB) | DOI: 10.54250/ijls.v3i1.122

Abstract

Xylanase is a hydrolytic enzyme produced by fungi and bacteria utilized in various industrial applications such as food, biobleaching, animal feed, and pharmaceuticals. Due to its wide variety of applications, xylanase's large-scale industrial production has gained researchers' interest. Many factors and methods affect fungal xylanase's production in both upstream and downstream processing stages. The upstream production methods used are submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF), where SmF involves the usage of liquid substrates, while the SSF applies solid substrates to inoculate the microbes. The downstream processing of fungal xylanase includes extraction, purification, and formulation. The extraction methods used to extract fungal xylanase are filtration and solvent extraction. Meanwhile, the purification methods include ultrafiltration, precipitation, chromatography, Aqueous Two-Phase System (ATPS), and Aqueous Two-Phase Affinity Partitioning (ATPAP). The formulation of xylanase product is obtained in either liquid from the extraction-purification results, which can be converted to powder form using technologies such as spray drying to increase storage life. Moreover, immobilization of xylanase with nanoparticles of SiO2 could produce reusable xylanase enzymes. Several future studies have also been suggested. This review aims to explain the upstream and downstream processes of fungal xylanase production as well as the factors that affect those processes.
A Review on Bioethanol Production through the Valorization of Food Waste in Indonesia Trisna, Tifara Elaine; Jai, Jyotsna; Shirleen, Deborah; Matthew, Ryan; K, Katherine
Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences 2022: IJLS Vol 04 No .02
Publisher : Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54250/ijls.v4i2.139

Abstract

Biofuels are one of the numerous alternatives that are currently being considered to replace fossil fuels as it is more environmentally friendly. Specifically, bioethanol is often thought as a better alternative to gasoline fuel as it is considered cleaner, more renewable, and greener as it is synthesized from renewable feedstock which contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to the environment. As bioethanol is produced from carbohydrate and starch rich food crops, food waste (FW) poses a potential source for bioethanol production as it is especially rich in carbohydrates and lipids. Bioethanol production itself consists of several steps which includes food waste selection, pretreatment, saccharification and fermentation, and recovery. Cafeteria FW was reviewed to be the best type of FW for bioethanol production as it has the highest carbohydrate and starch content. Subsequently, acid pretreatment was considered to be the best method due to low cost, high yielding, and time efficient method. Moreover, the non-isothermal simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (NSSF) produces 1.42 g ethanol/L.h with a time of 38 hours. Lastly, the enzyme-assisted extraction technique is most preferred to recover the bioactive compounds as it led to the highest yield of product (94%) compared to other methods.
Co-Authors Chrisdianto, Matthew Damai, Fedric Intan J, Jonathan Jai, Jyotsna Matthew, Ryan Mulyono, Roselyn Shirleen, Deborah Tania, Veren Tanjaya, Jessica C. Trisna, Tifara Elaine Virginia, Jesslyn Audrey