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The aspartate metabolism pathway Jonathan, Michael; Sulistyo, Bobby Prabowo
Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences 2022: IJLS Vol 04 No .02
Publisher : Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54250/ijls.v4i2.143

Abstract

Recent research has been conducted to find potential new avenues of drug discovery for treating tuberculosis infection. This endless “arms race” is due to the ability of the bacteria to develop resistance towards the already established antibiotic regimen. Various pathways within Mycobacterium tuberculosis are being studied extensively to open new possibilities in drug development. One of which is the aspartate metabolism pathway. This amino acid pathway is proven to be pivotal for the survival of M. tuberculosis both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, this pathway also is absent in humans, making it a very promising candidate for further research and development in drug discovery. However, inhibitors against this pathway are not yet available as most suggested inhibitors against the various enzymes within this pathway only made it until the in-silico stage while few studies managed to synthesize their suggested inhibitors and had tested its anti-tuberculosis activity. This review will discuss said attempts in suggesting inhibitors against the critical enzymes that work within this pathway. The inhibitors that are reviewed in this paper are both synthetic and derived from natural products. The multitude of inhibitors proposed and the various enzymes that they are able to inhibit proved that this pathway has potential that is yet to be explored further.
Systematic Review of the Anti-Cancer Activity of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis)-Derived Compounds in Breast Cancer In Vitro Susilo, Felicia Edgina; Surjaputra, Ilsa Valentina; Boentoro, Silvia Apriliani; Ariela, Yovita; Sulistyo, Bobby Prabowo
Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences 2021: IJLS Vol 03 No .02
Publisher : Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54250/ijls.v3i2.145

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer occurring in women with increasing prevalence in these past few years. Although many targeted therapies have been developed to increase the specificity of the treatment, many patients still suffer from cancer resistance and relapse. Green tea, a common beverage derived from natural plants, has been shown to induce chemopreventive effects and exhibit anti-cancer activity through its catechins and polyphenols content. The main well-known compound that induces these effects is epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Green tea also contains other naturally occurring compounds such as catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), and others. In this study, we assessed and compared the anti-cancer activity of these green tea-derived compounds towards different types of breast cancer cell lines. A total of 15 original research papers from PubMed, Google Scholar, and DOAJ databases were collected and evaluated for the data extraction. The results showed that EGCG was the most potent compound in green tea that was able to reduce cell viability, wound closure, and induce apoptosis even in highly aggressive MDA-MB-231 and lower grade MCF-7 cell lines with ranging concentration. The second potent compound was ECG, followed by EGC and EC that exhibited intermediate effects. Lastly, catechin was shown to have the lowest anti-cancer activity among all other compounds. Flavonols were also shown to exert cytotoxic effects toward breast cancer cells. Moreover, further study is needed to discover the exact mechanism of each compound and determine its relationship toward different types of breast cancer cell lines.